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07 July 2008, Volume 16 Issue 2

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A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF POPULATION VIABILITY FOR CHINESE WATER DEER (HYDR0POTES INERMIS )LIVED IN YANCHENG

XuHongfa,LU Houji

1996, 16(2):  81-88. 

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Population viability analysis for Chinese water deer lived inYangcheng was conducted by using Vortex 6.0.The simulation model shows that the population of Chinese water deer Can survival long-term if no effect of tide and poaching. At 5 %mortality bypoaching，the probability of extinction will be over 5% for 100～200 individuals' population in the future of 90 years.At 10% mortality by poaching，the probability of extinction will be over 5 % in the future of l5～25 years for 100～200 individuals' population and40years for 300 ～ 500 individuals' population. At Low tide mortality level,the probability of extinction will be over 5％ in the future15～23 years for l 00～ 200individuals' population and30 ～37 years for 300 ～500 indivuduals' population. At high tide mortality level,the probability of extinction will be over 5 % in the future 12～16 years for 100～ 200 individuals' population and 19～27years for 300～500 indtviduals' population. Urider the pressure of the effect of tide with poaching，the viability of water deer is very weak.The population of water deer lived in Yancheng will go extinction within a few of decades.
A suggestion for protecting Chinese water deer was provided in the paper. Two kinds of habitat need to protect the population according to the suggestion.The area of one habitat is large enough to host 200 deer and have no tide and poaching mortality，other one can host 500 deer and allow 15% and 40％ tide mortality，but no poaching mortality.This metapopuIation including two populations can survivallong—term if l0 %individuals of population m igrate each other every year.


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M0THER—INFANT RELATl0NSHIPS IN PENNED FOREST MUSK DEER (MOSCHUS MOCHIFERS BEREZOVSKII)

DU Weiguo,SHENG Helin

1996, 16(2):  89-94. 

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^{Mother-infant relationships was studied in the penned forest musk deer．The result showed the forest musk deer was ahider．Mothers lied apart from their fawns for 20．37±11.06 metres(n= 6)．There were significant decrease with fawn age in sucking time，contact time and contact time／total active time of fawn (P< 0.01)．Before weeks 4，mothers contacted their in itiatively in vocalization，which lied in the most time.But fawns became more independent after weeks 5.The visual and auditory communication were main ways of communication between mothers and their fawas．}

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PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE FOOD HABITS OF THE WOLVES IN EASTERN MONGOLIA

1996, 16(2):  95-99. 

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STUDIES ON THE METAB0LIC RULE 0F METHANE ENERGY (CH4E)OF SIK A DEER

LI Zhongkuan GAO Xiuhua LI Hong

1996, 16(2):  100-104. 

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The metabolic rule of methane energy (CH₄E)of sika deer was studied by indirect respiration calorimetry unit and digestible metabolic trials in four adult male sika deer.Results showed，that the amount of CH₄E Production of sika deer was raised with addition of food intake and was fallen with the lapse of time after food intakes.The amounts
of CH₄E production of sika deer was 6.61 %，8.83% and l0.88% of gross energy intake (OEZ)，digestible energy intake(DEI)and reserve energy(RE)，respectively,.Inadditton,the CH₄E production of sika deer was decreased with improvement of the dietary protein levels. When the dietary protein levels were increased by l %，the amounts of CH₄E productlon could be reduced by 58.58 kJ per day.The relations between CH ₄E and gross enery intake(GEI)or dry matter intake(DMZ)was expressed by the following equationsCH₄E (kJ／d)=0.07GEI(kJ／d) 一l01.04(n=12，r=0.944，P<0.01)
CH ₄E (kJ／d) =98.78—1.05DMI(g／d)(n=l2，r=0.942，P<0．01)

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A REVISION OF GENUS UNCIA GRAY， 1854 BASED ON MITOCHONDRlAL DNA RESTRICTION SITE MAPS

YU Ning,ZHENG Changlin,WANG Xinglmng,HE Guangxin,ZHANG Zhihe,ZHANG Anju,LU Wenqi,TANG Fei

1996, 16(2):  105-108. 

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The Snow leopard (Panthera uncia)is one of the most threatened wild big cats within its range of distribution，however，the question of its systematic status is a matterof debate.Is it a member of genus Pathern，or is it in its own genus( uncia)? The analysis of genetic difference at the DNA level may provide useful data to clarify the issue.In the present study，ten hexanucleotide pecific restricti0n endonncieases were used to evaluate the patterns of mitochondriaI DN A variation between the Snow leopard and leopar(P.ardus).The molecular size of mt DNA from the two species was about 16.5kb．Ten enzymes surveyed 32～34 restriction sites.witch corresponded to 192～204 base
pairs,or 1.16~1.24﹪of the total mtDNA molecule.A total of 45 restriction siteswere mapped;of these sites，twenty-four，which correspond to 53.3% the hotel sites, were variable.The sequence divergence between them was 0.075 33， which was undoubtedly
in the species—level distinction but did not reach the genus leve1． Therefore，the Snow leopard should be placed in the genus Panthera rather than in its own ganus．It also seems reasonable to recognize Uncia as a valid subgenus． This conclusion not only support but also supplement the viewpoint of Sirapson who treated Unciaas subgenus
within Panthera

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STUDIES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND CHEMICAL COMMUNlCATION FUNCTION OF FIBULA GLAND OF MOCHUS

NI Hefang，WANG Xinle，BI Shuzeng，LI Guiquan，YANG Changjin,YAN Yuhong

1996, 16(2):  109-112. 

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The growth and development and histochemistry of fibula gland of musk deer was observed in this paper.The fibula gland is composedof abundant apoerine sweat gland.It may secrete mixed mucopolysaccharides pheromone.The fibula gland of eighty days young moschus begins to have secretion function.The secretion function of the state of being adult is vigorous.The pheromone release mode of moschus included direct and indirect．


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MAMMALIANSATUS AND C0NSERVATI0N IN YENIUG0U ，QINGHAI，CHINA

Richard B．Harris,Daniel T． Miller,CAI GUiQuan,Daniel H ． Pletscher

1996, 16(2):  113-118. 

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Mammalian surveys，focusing on wild ungulate species，were conducted inan unprotected region of central Qinghai province called Yeniugou during 1990～1992.wiId yak，Tibetan gazelle，Tibetan antelope.and blue sheep all numbezed over 1000 during 1991；Tibetan wild ass numbered about 800.and argali about 250.Other mammalian were noted Yeniugou is an important area for Qinghal-Tibetan plateau wildlife ;probably one of the best remaining areas ,particularly for wild yak and argali. Despite legal protection，poaching for most specks is virtually uncontrolled.The most pressing need is to control
poaching by non-residents.Establishing a nature reserve in Yeniugou is a possibility,but nearby experiences suggest that，failing funding mechanisms and an in centive scheme for local people to cooperate in wildlife protection,it would not be likely to succeed.Another possibility is to establish Yeniugou as a ''wildlife management area ".These concepts are discussed．

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STUDIES ON THE GLIRES (RODENTIA AND LAGOMORPHA) FAUNA AND ITS DIVISION OF HENAN PROVINCE

1996, 16(2):  119-128. 

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AN ANALYSIS 0F RELAT10NSHIP BETWEEN EC0L0GICAL FACT0RS AND NUMBER 0F SPECIES 0F R0DENTS IN SHAANXI DISTRICT

LI Xiaochen,WANG Tingzheng

1996, 16(2):  129-135. 

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This paper preliminarily analysed the relationship between ecological factors and the number of species of rodents in Shaanxi district.According to geographical features,Shaanxi distriect was divided into seven geographical regionsof rodents：desert area alongthe Great wall，north Loess Plateau，south Loess Plateau，Guanzhong plain，Qin-ling mountain district,Hanjiang basin and Dabashan mountain district．Four ecological factors which possibly affect the number of species of rodents in different zoogegographical
regions were studied with multiple linear regression analysis· Regression equation
was Y =-4.72+2.69x₁+ 3.79×10^-2X₂+ 0.1lX₃+9.45× 10^-4X₄(RR= 0．997，P< 0. 05)The computation results summed above indicated that there were positive correlation between the number of species and temperature(X₁)，precipitation (X₂)，percent—age of forest areas (X₃) and areas of each zoogeographic Mregion．Higher temperature
and adequate precipitation are good for plant growth which is indispensable to rodents.Forests offer rodents hidden places and foods.The regression equation also pointed out that area cast less inluence on the number of species than other factors did．The vertical distribution of rodents was also studied. The correlation coefflcient between heigt and the number of species was --0.85，which indicated that the number of species of rodents went down as heigt got higher.The natural landscape also cast influence on the species diversity，in another word，the more complicated the natural landscape was ，there were more species of rodents．

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THE STRUCTURE 0F FARMLAND R0DENTS C0MMUNITY IN THE N0RTHWEST REGI0N 0F GUIZH0U

LI Daohong,LUO Rong

1996, 16(2):  136-141. 

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The farmland rodents in the northwest region of Guizhoou were investiseted from January to December 1990.A total of 787 the individuals of rodents were captured.According to the species and number of the captured rodents， it can be devided into four type of rodent communities.
A.Apodemus chevrieri+ Niviveater confucianus community.
B.Apodemus agrarius+ Mus pakari+Apedemus chevrieri community C Apodemusagrrarius+ Rattus nitidus+ Mus pahari community. D.Apodemus agrrarius+ Musmustangs community. The indexes of diversity， evenness and dominance were diferent in different cornmunities.The highest index of diversity and evenness were found in connunity B ，and the lowest in community A .The highest dominance index was shown in community A,and the lowest in community B． The similarity index between communiy B and C was the highest，and the lowest between community A and D.There were month variations of rodent composition in different communities


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STUDIES ON THE BREEDING CHARACTERISTICS OF YANGTZE VOLE (MICROTUS FORTIS) IN DONGTING LAKE AREA

WU Zhengjun , CHEN Anguo , LI Bo , GU0 Cong, WANG Yong, ZHANG Meiwen

1996, 16(2):  142-150. 

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Field research was carried out at Matang district of Yueyang county on the east bank of Dongting lake from January，1992 to December，1994．We collected 1392 specimenst among them 599 werefemales．Thetotal sex ratio(♀／♀+ ♂)Was 43.0%．remalesbred all the year.The pregnant rate Was low from May to July and hisher than other species in this area from December to February. The total pregnantrat of the three yearswas 29.2% ．Them mean litter sizewas 5.13±0.12．The mean nest size Was4.33±0.27.The fecundity of the voles increased with the increase of age.The pregnant time of the voles bred in laboratory w as about 20 days，the mean nest size was 4.33±0.33，females matured about 50 to 60 days and ma les matured later.Voles mainly inhabit in the lake beach from November to April an d in paddy field from M ay to October．The reproductive char acteristics varied in different habitats. In lake beach,fecundity Was the highest，In paddy field，it Was moderate and in hillock，it was the lowest. So，Suitablities for voles of different habitats were different．The reproductive characteristics of four subspecies of yangtze volein China were compared in this paper.

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STUDlES 0N M0RPH0L0GY 0F CYSTGLAND AND HIST0L0GICAL STRUCTURE IN THE PERIODS 0F SECRETING FRAGRANT 0F MUSKRAT

CHEN Yushan,JIN Shundan,TONG Yuren,GA0 Xiuhua,ZHOU Ailian,XU Erzhen,LIu Chunxiang,WU Yingjie

1996, 16(2):  151-154. 

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The cystgland of musgrat fragrant is composed of gland cell.supporting cell and excretory duct.The sceretory gland belongs to alveolate gland. The gland cell of developing period
contains large rough endoplasmic reticulum ，smooth endoplasmic reticulum ,golgi apparatus.centrosome and mitochondtia.The conjunctive place between fragrant gland cells of muskrat very developed. Desmosome is widely dispersed in fragrant cells.cyto-
plasm contains two special secretory granules for low electron density and high electron density，secretory ways of gland cell belongs to apocrine secretion.

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SEAS0NAL VARIAT10NS 0F THERM0GENESIS IN BR0WN ADIP0SE TISSUE AND LIVER IN PLATEAU PIKA （OCHOTONA CURZONIAE)

LIU Jinsong,LI Qingfen

1996, 16(2):  155-157. 

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