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05 January 2008, Volume 14 Issue 1

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ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL OF THE STUDIES 0N THE SPINAL CORD OF THE BAIJI (LIPOTES’VEXILLIFER)

WU Baosun，ZHOU Kaiya，HUA Yimin，LIU Yujie

1994, 14(1):  1-8. 

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The spinal cord from two adult females of Lipotes vexillifer was available for study．Frozen sections of the spinal cord of one animals were cut at l0 μm ，20 μm and 30μm respectively，and stained with 1％ thionine，Klüver FB—CVdouble staining or by silvering．Paraffin sections of T2 and Lc₁ were propared for comparison．Thirty pairs of the spinal nerves were counted in the gross anatomy in both of the specimens.
The descriptive formula of the spinal cord of Lipotes vexillifer was C₈-- T₁₀- L_c12. The gray matter was divided into 10 layers according to the Rexed's Principle of the laminar cyloarchitecture pattern of spinal cord.The relationship between each of the layers and the corresponding nucleus was described．Groups of special cells were found in the lateral funiculus,dorsal funiculus and ventral funiculus of the while matter in Lipotes．But the special cell groups in the lateral funiculus in Neophocaena were found in the thoracic segments and lumbocaudal segments and were referred to lateral thoracic nucleus and lateral lumbocaudal nucleus respectively．In Lipote，these cells groups were found in the whole length of the lateral funiculus including the cervical segments．Therefore，They were referred to lateral cervical nucleus，lateral thoracic nucleus and Lateral lumbocaudal nucleus respectively. The speciaI cell groups found in the dorsal funiculus were referred to spino-dorsal-funiculus nucleus．The pia matter invaginated in the spinal cord proper and forming cavities and canals in white matter and gray rttalter．The cavities and canals were filled with cerebrospinal fluid in which the nerve cells were immersed.
These cells were believed to be cerebrospinal fluid—contacting neurons(DSF—CN) and will be discussed in detail in another paper．

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GIANT PANDA'S M0VING HABIT IN F0PING

Yong Yange， Wang Kuanwu， Wang Tiejun

1994, 14(1):  9-14. 

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The study of giant panda moving habit were carried out by means of radio elemetry from April，1991 to April,1992 in the Foping National Natural Reserve．It was found that giant pandas in Foping had the habit of seasonal vertical movement．Living the Songhua bamboo (Fargeda spathacea) forest above the elevations of 2200m from June to September was the summer habitat,and living the Bashanmu bamboo(Bashania fargesii)forest between the elevations On 1300 to 1900m，from September to May of the next year was the winter habitat．This movement occurred synchronously with a change of climate and food．The moving habit of the Foping panda was as same as that of the panda living in Dear Youshui area，but different from the panda in Wolong Reserve，Sichuan Province.

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Z00GE0GRAPHICAL DIVISIONS OF QUATERNARY MAMMALIAN FAUNAS IN CHINA

XUE Xiangxu， ZHANG Yunxiang

1994, 14(1):  15-23. 

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Zoogeographical regions of Quaternary mammalian faunas of China can be divided into the North China region and its Northeast subregion,the South China region and the transitional region between the North and South in the eastern part of China.The ridge area of Qinling Mountains is considered as the boundary of the North and the South regions which started obviously in the late Early Pleistocene or the early Middle Pleistocene．Owing to some of the main members such as:Coelodmtta antiquitatis，Bosprimigenius，Equus hemionus，Gazella cf．przewalskyi Myospalax fontaMeri etc.，of the Late Pleistocene fauna in north China were discovered from the deposits of eastern Sichuan,such as Aba,Luhuo,we would consider easily that the area of north China region in the Late Pleistocene had expanded，and the boundary of the North and South regions might be turned from somewhere of Qinting Mountains,then,along the eastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau down to the South， Itis true thatthere is a transitional region,but it owns its new meaning is different from the previous Huaihe transitional region，it was situated between the North and the South，in the eastern part of China its areais much bigger and its age started much earlier than those of the previous one．It reached Lantian，Shaanxi in the late of Early Pleistocene．Then，moved eastward,and the area of this region became smaller，Since the late of Middle Pleistocene 0n,the transitional region area was limited to the Huang-Huai plain and sometimes even to the south of Yangtze River．In general，the transitional area moved eastward along with the uplift of Qinling Mountains firstly，then southward or northward along with the climate became warmer and humid or cooler and drier．

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DYNAMICS OF THE RODENT COMMUNITY IN THE CHIHUAHUAN DESERT OF NORTH AMERICA I．INTERANNUAL FLUCTUATI0NS AND TRENDS

ZENG Zongyong

1994, 14(1):  24-34. 

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The data are presented on the time series of number of species,number of individuals，biomass，Shannon and Simpson index of species diversity and evenness of the rodent community in the Chihuahuan Desert of North America from November of 1977 through June of 1985，which was composed of 3266 individuals of 17 species of common heteromyid and murid (cricetid) and rare sciurid and geomyid．A time series analysis method is applied to characterize interannual fluctuatons and trends of the above 6 variables．The results revealed that: 1)all of the variables fluctuated interannually responding to the physical environment，but the fluctuations of number of individuals and biomass were greater than others．Andevenness kept relatively stable；2)all of the 17 species of rodents could not be found in the community at the same time and number of species was ranging from 3 to 13；3)number of species，humber of individuals and two species diversity indexes trended to increase during the research period，but no any trends were found in biomass and evenness；4)the rations of population density and biomass of the two dominant species (D．merriaml and D．spectabilis)and their sum in the interannual time series of number of individuals and biomass of the rodent community were stable，and it could be explained by the monopolizing allocation patterns of energy among the species in the rodent community．

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STUDIES ON THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE SMALL MAMMALS IN THE RECLAIMED RURAL AREA OF XIAOSHAN，ZHEJIANG

DING Ping，BAO Yixin，ZHUGE Yang

1994, 14(1):  35-42. 

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The population dynamics of the small mammals had been studied in the reclaimed rural area of Xiaoshan,Zhejiang from Apr．1985 to Dec．1992．This paper presents the results as the following．
In the area，the seasonal patterns of variation of population density in different species were different．The population fluctuation curves showed that Apodemus agrarius，Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus were the domestic population，of which the peak density of spring was higher than that of autumn,and the latter was higher than the former in the population of Suncus murinus and Rattusnorvegicus (field population)．
The seasonal pattern of variation in population density of A．agrarius was related to the type of crops，the composition of small mammal community ,the winter mortality and the pregnancy rate．The quantitative fluctuation of A．agrarius was influenced by the climatic factors，such as, temperature，relative humidity and precipitation．

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A ANALYSIS OF RODENT COMMUNITIES IN KUBUQI DESERT AND ADJACENT REGION

WU Xiaodong， SHI Dazhao， LIU Yong， GAO Jiye

1994, 14(1):  43-50. 

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The structure of rodent community was investigated and analysed by using method of trap-night in Kubuqi desert and adjacent region from May to July in 1988．1108 individuals of 11 species rodents were traped and divided it into five communities．
(1) Dipus sagitta+ Meriones meridianus+ Phodopus roborovskii community； (2) Phodopus roborovskii+Dipus sagitta community； (3)Phodopus roborovskii+ Dipus sagitta+ Meriones meridianus community；(4)Dipus sagitta + Phodopus roborovskii+ Allactaga sibirica community；(5)Allactaga sibirica+ Citellus dauricus+Dipus sagatta community.
The species diversity index and evenness index of the communities were calculated.The diversity index in communityⅢ was the highest．The lowest diversity and the highest evenness index were in communityⅡ (Seetable 4)．

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0BSERVAT10N 0N THE BI0L0GICAL CHARACTERISTICS 0F THE H0USE M0USE IN CENTRE CHINA

GUO Cong， CHEN Anguo， WANG Yong， LI Shibin， LI Bo

1994, 14(1):  51-56. 

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The biological characteristies and the populatlon dynamics of the house mouse (Mus musculus) in centre-China were investigated from October, 1986 to 1990．The body size of this mouse was a small.It mean body weight of male was only 13.84±2.7g and that of female was 16.27±3.6g．The favorite habitats of the house mouse was farmer's house．The capture rate by snaptraps lm farmer's house and fields was 5.2% and 0.12%respectively．
The house mouse breed all year round and it main breeding season wasin summer(July- August)The population peak was in autumn(September)and had a high population density in winter．The pregnant rate was low when the population density was high.

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PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF GROWTH INDEX OF POPULATI0N FOR BRANDT'S VOLE(MICR0TUS BRANDTI)

ZHOU Yanlin，LIU Yiling H，OU Xixian， DONG Weihui

1994, 14(1):  57-62. 

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To the purpose of age estimation，15 growth indices in 560 specimens (males， 280; females，280)of brandt's vole (Microtus brandti)were studied by principal component annlysis(PCA)．The 15 growth indices are body weight，body length，tail length，greatest length of skull,basal length of skull，skull height,head back width，length of palatal bone，zygomatic width,interorbital width,nasal length,
width between maxillary incisor and molar，length of maxillary molar row ，length of mandibular molar row and dry wetght of Lenses．All analyzed indices were arranged on the first principal component axis (Z₁)which contribution rates are 74.0% (female) and 75.9% (male)．The results are as follows： 1．Interorbital width and tail length,as well skull height of female were regarded as poor growth indieators,because of their small projections on Z₁ .
2．Basal length of skull made the greatest projection on Z₁ ,so it reflected the growth best in both male and female.
3．Other growth indicators made projections above 0.829 and concentrated on Z₁ ．so they all can be used as age indicators of brandt's vole．
4 . Body weight and body length are the convenient indicators，but body length is not easy to measure accurately and body weight is affected by pregnent females．
5．Dry weight of eye lens not a suitable age indicator for brandt's vole,because the eye lens is so llght that the different between two age groups adjacent less than O.1mg．
6．Ahhough skull indices(except interorbital width and female's skull height)can all be used as age indicators, but they are not easy to obtain (except molar row and length between incisor and malar)．
Overall，the width between maxillary incisor and molar was used as the age indicator of brandt's vole based on both the results of PCA and practical circumstance．After further analysis,the population of brandt's vole can be divided into five age groups．It is the juvenile (1ength be tween maxillary incisor and molar is less than 6.49mm )， subadult (6.50— 7.33mm )，adultⅠ(7.34— 8.38mm) adultⅡ(8.39— 9.43mm)and old age group (over 9.44mm ).

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ANIMAL PARENTAGE TEST AND DNA FINGERPRINTING

FANG Jiming

1994, 14(1):  63-68. 

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The DNA fingerprinting and its application to parentage test was reviewed in this paper.Compared with other methods of parentage tests，the updated and powerful DNA fingerprinting might be the best，and be able to be used in many species．

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DETERMINATION ON ELEROCARDIOGRAM OF CLOUDY LEOPARD

1994, 14(1):  69-70. 

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ON REPRODUCTION OF APODEMUS DRACO IN THE AILAO MOUNTAINS

WU Delin

1994, 14(1):  71-72. 

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STUDIES 0N THE FEMALL BREEDING CHARACTERISTICS OF TAIWAN RAT

HUANG Xiuqing，FENG Zhiyong，CHEN Meili，SHUAI Yingyuan，YAN Shixiang

1994, 14(1):  73-74. 

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OBSERVATION OF BILE SECRETED OF THE BLACK BEAR IN DIFFERENT FEED CONDITION

1994, 14(1):  75-75. 

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PRELIMIN STUDIES ON THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF RARRUS NORVEGICUS IN THE FARMS OF CENTRE YUNNAN AFTER KILLING RATS OVER LARGE AREA

DOU Qinchuan，ZHANG Liangzuo， FENG Yong ， WU Delin

1994, 14(1):  76-77. 

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