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20 November 1993, Volume 13 Issue 4

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OBSERVATION ON THE PARTURIENT ACTIVITIES OF THE GIANT PANDA

LIU Weixin， XIE Zhong， LIU Nonglin， WANG Xiao

1993, 13(4):  241-244. 

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This paperreports on the observation result of 6 giantpandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)in 14 parturitions．The observation were made by author from September，1979to August，1990．Symptom s indicating the imminence of its parturition could be observed 48 to 24 hours before the event takes place． The whole parturient processlastedabout 14 to 22 hours．Position of the foetus during delivery was longitudinal，mostlyfacing upward，or facing sidewise in some cases． The form of the foetus was like that forelimbs was stretching forward alongside the head and neck and hindtimbswas stretching in a juxtaposition．Most of the foetusare delivered with head and forefeet first in a prior leading position，but in less cases with tail,hindfect and rump first in a posterior leading position.Concave scars could be found on the uterus corners of some multiparous females．Sometimes there were thecasesof stricture of
the uterus corners caused by constricted scars．

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THE DISTRIUTION AND NUMBER OF THE GIANT PANDA IN THE FOPING RESERWATION

YONG Yange, ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Shanning

1993, 13(4):  245-250. 

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The distribution and number of the giant panda in the National Foping Natur al Reserve,Shanxi Province wereinvestigated from November to December， 1990． Using the method of route investigation and mathematic modol could becaclculated the giant panda's number．The results showed that there wereabout 64 pandas inthe areaof 293 km² of Reservation and the density was 0.22／km²．Comparison to thesurveying in 1974，1983 and 1988. it indicated that the Foping giant panda population had maintained relatively stable．Most panda appeared in the reservation where thepeople's activities were least and the bamboo grows well．

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OBSERVATION OF ACTIVITIES OF THE WEEKLY BORN FAWN F0R MI—DEER

LU Jun, LING Chongqi, YU Changqing

1993, 13(4):  251-255. 

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The activities of the first weekly born fawn of Mi-deer (4 male and 6 female)
were observed in the Dafen Mi-deer Reserve，Jiangsu Province from March to April,
1991． The result showed that all fawn hid lain in the most time and kept apart withthe deer group.
Its activities were mainly begging milk． movement， follow， and concealed． Thefirst born fawn had instinct of approach and follow his mother．A great deal of activitieswithin five days age were guarded by his own mother，it belongs to the patternof company．
The fawn could enter deer group activities with his mother after six-seven days age.

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DETERMINATION OF THE ERYTHROCYTIC C3b RECEPTORS OF PANTHERA TIGRIS AMURESIS，NEOFELLS NEBULOSA AND TEMMINCKI

ZHANG Decheng, CHEN Siyi, LI Jinchang, WU Runpei, CHEN Guoqiang, HU Xinbo

1993, 13(4):  256-259. 

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Our experiments with healthy 4 Panthera tigris amuresis， 4 Neofelis nebulosaand 3 Felistemmincki determined C3b receptors and immunocomplexes in the erythrocytes． It was found out that formed rosetting ratio of erythrocytic C3breceptors andcombined immunocomplexes with the erythrocytic membranes in addition to adherentfunction and formed rosetttng radio of immunocomplexes， The data is 7．oo,6．50,5．67of the immunecomplexes and 11．5O， 11．88，11．83 Of C3breceptors,respectively．
The results showed that erythrocytes of P．t．amuresis， N．nebulosa and F．teramincki were more strong immune function，than the domestic animal．

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THE POPULATION OF FINLESS PORPOISE IN THE MIDDLE AND L0WER REACHES OF YANGTZE RIVER

ZHANG Xianfeng, LIU Renjun, ZHAO Qingzong, ZHANG Guocheng, WEI Zhuo, WANG Xiaoqiang, YANG Jian

1993, 13(4):  260-270. 

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Based upon the data of ecological surveys of finless porpoise．Neophocaena phocaenoides，in the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze River and specimens collectedin recent years, the current state of the porpoise was analysed and evaluated．Mainresults are highlighted as follows: (1) The porpoise distributes in the middle andlower reaches of the yangtze River． Yichang (1 669km from the estuary) is upperrange of the distribution．The porpoise also distributed in Lakes Dongting and Poyang．The distribution patterns are clumped along the vertical direction of the river andshorewize along the horizontal direction of it． (2)The estimated population size ofthe porpoise is 2 700 individuals．Density of population is highest in winter and lowestin summer． (3)Most common groups are of 1-5 individuals， which isabout 88%in ratio．(4) It is reckoned theoretically that 539 new calves arebornevery year.Annual reproductive rate is 20%． (5)Though analysis and comparasion the changeofdensity of the populations among the river．Chinese coastal waters and Inland Sea of Japan， it is infered that partof the population seems possibly to take long distance andlarge scale movement between the river and ocean，which is related with the reproduction．

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SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF BROWN ADIP0SE TISSUE FOR PLATEAU PIKA

WANG Dehua， LIU Xiaoda， WANG Zuwang， SHI Zhixian， SUN Ruyong

1993, 13(4):  271-276. 

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In order to understand the thermogenic mechanism and its adaptive significance，the seasonal dynamics of the lipid， protein and water contents，and the mitochondriaprotein contents of brown adipose tissue (BAT)in Ochotona curzoniaewere investigated．
Thecompositon of BAT reveals a significant seasonal changes．The lipid contentswere increased in the order of Summer < Fall< Winter< Spring,the water contents werealmost the opposite relection of lipid， which changed in the order of Spring< Winter< Fall< Summer ．and the variational trend of protein contents were increased in theorder of Summer < Spring< Winter < Fal1．The composition were expressed as the percentages. The mitochondria protein were increased in winter and declined in Summer，theorder was Smnmer<Fall< Spring<Winter. The results indicated that seasonal variations in BAT composition and function
were in accordance with the nonshivering thermogenesis capacity reported previously，
and mainly dependence on the environmental conditions，such as temperature．Ochotona curzoniae adaptedwell to the high altitude and cold alpine environments by means ofincreasing the BAT thermogenic capacities．and the BAT functional activities weremaintained at a relative high level throughout the year．

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STUDIES ON THE POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE OF GROUND SQUIRREL

LIU Jiakun, WANG Tingzheng, LI Jingang, SHAO Mengming, ZOU Bo, WANG Tinglin

1993, 13(4):  277-282. 

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The population ecology of ground squirrel(Spermophilus dauricus)were studied from1987- 1989．A total of 2487 specimems(Female 1334， Male 1153)obtained in Quwo,Fenyangcounty，Shanxi Province and Yanchang，Heyang County，Shanxi Province．Withthe dried 1ens weight as a criteria， 1885 specimens of them were divided into 5 groups.The dried lens weight of group 1(Juvenile)was≤ 18 mg in both sex； group 2(Subadult)18.01-23 mg in female and 18.01-22 mg in male;group 3(Adult 1)23.01- 29mgin female and 22.01- 28 mg in male；group 4(Adult 2)29.01- 35 mg in female and28.01-34 mg in male;group 5(Older)>35 mg in fomale and>34 mg in male．Weinvestigated the dental growth and it's weardegree in different age groups and analysed the relationships between body weight，body length,body weight without viscera，skull growth and ages． The reaults showed that the regularity of molar wearing withage growing was obvious while the other age indicators growed very slowly afteradult 1．According to the dried lens weight of age groups，weestimated the naturallongevity of ground squirrel was about 4 years．
The seasonal variations of the population age structure were obvious． Group 1began to appear in late June in Quwo，Heyang area and in early July in Fenyang，Yanchang． The proportion of group 1 was the highest in July in the four areas． The individuals of group 2 increaed rapidly while group 1 descended in August． The proportion of group 3 was higher than the other age groups during September to June ofthe next year． The individuals of gronp 4 increased from April and continued to June．Group 5 was low in number in all months． The annual changes of the population agestructure werenot marked．Generally，the proportion of nonadults was high while oldors was low，it showed the population of ground squirrel in quantity was relativelystable．

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STUDIES OF CHR0MOSOME OF STRIPED FIELD MOUSE APODEMUS AGRARIUS PALLIDIOR (RODENTIA)

WANG Jinxing, ZHAO Xinaofa, WANG Xiangmin, TIAN Jiaxiang

1993, 13(4):  283-287. 

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The karyotypes of Apodesu$ agrarius pallidior in zaozhuang,Shandong provincewere studied by the chromosome preparations ofbone marrow cells．The diploid chromosome number was 48,and the karyotype was 2 n=8 M +38T+XY．X was a small sizedtelocentric,and Y was the largest telocentric．
The C-banded， G-banded and silver-stained karyotypes were observed． The resultsshowed that C-bands were located at the centromeres of almost every chromosome pairs，and sex chromosomes were rich of heterochromatin．The chromosomesshowed clear bandsin G-banded karyotyp．AS-NORs were predominantly located the 2 pairs of telocentrics (No．10 and No．18 )．Wecompared the karyotype of Shandong specimens with that of European specimens，and also studied the chomosome behavior of meiosis．

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A PRIMARY STUDY ON THE POPULATION AGE AND REPRODUCTION OF EUTAMIAS SIBIRICUS

LU Xin

1993, 13(4):  288-295. 

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This paper reports the population age and reproduction of Eutamias sibircus．202specimens were shot in the Zhongtiao mountains of Shanxi province during March toOctober of 1991．Based on their eye lens weight，the specimens were divided into 4 agegroups.Seasonal changes of the population age structure wereanalysed．This chipmunkreproduced once a year．The gestation period lasted from late-March to mid-April andthe birth period from mid-April to mid-May．The litter size was 5.08
±0.16．The juvenilesborn in early-June．All juveniles born in last year joined breeding after hibernation．
The teeth height index and the degree of molar worn also could be used to dividethe population classes，but eye lens weighewas the most accurate．It was not applicableto estimate the age of this chipmunk by means of the body weight，body length andtail length．

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A TEST ON THE WAY OF SUPER0XIDE DISMUTASE ISOZYMES TO MAMMALLAN TAXONOMY

HE Xinxia, ZHOU Yucan, SHAO Lingxiang

1993, 13(4):  296-299. 

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This paper is to try to find out the significance and effect to apply the analytic
method of SOD isozymes to mammalian taxonomy by polyacrylamide gel eloctrophoresisof the isozymes in the tissues of bats and the erythrocytes of murids． The obtainedresults show that SOD isozyme is a veryuseful tool enzyme to distinguish new speciesor evolution of mammal，because there are marked differences of the mobility， thecomposition and the distribution of SOD isozymes in different species．But there are notnotable differences about above-mentioned characteristics of SOD isozyrnes in differentindividual of same species and in different tissue of same individual．The resultssuggest that it would be not necessity to emphasize the number of animal analysed andnot necessity to analyse every tissues． It is very good to make research on proteinbiochemical types of rare mammals，because they are very scarce and not killed in order
to draw materials．

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THE DECIDUOUS EETH OF GOLDEN MONKEY

1993, 13(4):  300-301. 

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THE HEMOGRAM AND BLOOD CHEMICAL VALUES OF PANTHERA TIGRIS AMUREUSIS AND P.T.AMOYENSIS

1993, 13(4):  302-303. 

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OBSERVATION ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLATEAU ZOKORS BY ARTIFICIAL FEEDING

1993, 13(4):  304-306. 

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A NEW METHOD TO DISTINGUISH PLATEAU ZOKOR'S SEX IN THE FIELD

1993, 13(4):  307-307. 

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