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中国科技核心期刊
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20 February 1993, Volume 13 Issue 1
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CRANIAI COMPARISON BETWEEN THE POPULATIONS OF RHESUS MONKEYS (MACACA MULATTA) DISTRIBUTING CHINA AND INDIA
PENG Yanzhang PAN RuLiang, YU Fahong, YE Zhizhang, WANG Hong
1993, 13(1): 1-10.
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Combined with the biochemical information of the blood protein examined in various geographical population (Pakistan.India,China,Thailand, and Vietnam ) of M.mulatta,the morphological variation of the skulls of Macaca mulatta distributing in China and Northern India were analyzed.Using univariate analysis, ONE—WAY, multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis.It was suggested that: 1) The facial breadth and structure of the cranium exhibit significant difference betwen two geographical populations of middle—south Yunnan and India; 2)The significant cranial variation exist also between India and other geographical populations (vestita and lasiotis in China, and others distributing in Thailand and Vietnam ); 3)In 20 alleles of the blood proteins. 8 of them are shared in the four subspecies or populations,which,in turn, represents their synapomorphous or symplesiomorphous features; 4) The population living in middle—south yunnan could be belong to neither M .m.mulatta distributing in India nor M.m.siamica livingin Thailand.So it seems to be necessary to rename this population; 5) The genetic heterogeneity is more obvious than the genetic homogeneity within these subspecies; 6) The genetic variability might be caused as the result of random genetic drift,and finally; 7) The body size of Yunnan population should be slightly less than that of India population.
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INVESTIGATION ON THE P0PULATION 0F WHITE—HEADED LANGUR (PRESBYTIS LEUCOCEPHALUS)
LU Liren, HUANG Chengming
1993, 13(1): 11-15.
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The population of White—headed Iangur (Presbytis Leucocephalus) in Longlin village of Fushue County,Guangxi Province was investigated from July tO Octobe,1991.The habitat and distribution of White—headed langur see fig.1. Data showed that 166 individuals of 28 groups and 3 single males existed in Longlin habitat. Maximum number in one group was 16,minimum number was 2,population density was 8 individuals per square km and average size was 5.3 individuals per group.23 monkey groups (Table 2) were divided from age structure inlo three paris.Composition of population contained 88 adults, 25 youngs and 20 cubs,percentage were 67.6% , 20.2% ,12.2% respectlvely.
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A STUDY ON POPULATION STRUCTURE AND DYNAMIC TREND OF MONG0LIAN GAZELLE IN CHINA
JIANG Zhaowen, MA Yiqing,GAO Zhongxin
1993, 13(1): 16-20.
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The Study on randomly sampled 1026 Mongolian gazelle(Procapra gutturosa)from Western Banner,Hulun-Beier grassland,in December 1988 has been done.
The population in 1988 could be classified into 8 age groups,the proportion of new born animals is high(39.7 %),reproductive female is 24.95%,above 4.5 year-old groups is 12.7% ,it is a typical rapidly increasing are structure.Comparing with 1:1 there are significant difference in the sex ratio(
♂
♂
/
♀
♀
)of the total population,2. 5, 3.5 and over 5.5 year-old age groups,the result is very differ from that in 1979.According to the life table and death rate curve there are three mortality peaks happened at 0.5,3.5 and over 6.5 year-old age groups.The net reproductive rate(R
0
)of the population in 1979 and 1988 are 1.1335 and 0.864 respectively.There is a trend of sex-maturity age in 1988 ealier than that in 1979.
The population size decreased obviously and distribution area shrinked quickly during past 30 years.With high reproductive capacity and increasing age structure
,the population restoration of Mongolian gazelle is possible if the protection and management are improved.
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STUDIES ON CHANGES OF SERUM PROGESTERONE LEVEL OF SABLES IN THE PREGNANCY PERIOD
TONG Yuren, SONG Jianhua, MEN Taoyan, WANG Guosen, LI Chunyi, XIAO Yongjun, GUO Yongjia, GU Haijun
1993, 13(1): 21-24.
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The serum progesterone level of sables in pregnancy were determined by radioim-
munoassay (RIA ) from September 1986 to February l987. The results showed that the serum progesterone of female sables of calving keeped a stable relatively more high level from September 1986 to January 1987(average 1.45±0.23 ng/ml),and increased sharply to peak value in last ten days of February 1987(average 3.72±1.67 ng/ml,P< 0.01). The progesterone of femala sebles of barren were in low level during the pregnancy period (average 0.70±0.14 ng/ml).
There was a significant or the most significant difference of the progesterone
between the female sables of calving and barren.Therefore,we considered that the change of serum progesterone level were a close relation to activity of embryo,and photoperiod.
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ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES ON THE ESTERASE AND MALATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES OF TISSUES FROM SUNCUS MURINUS
SHI Binshan, ZHUGE Yang
1993, 13(1): 25-30.
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Es and MDH isozymes of six kinds of tissues in Suncus murinus were analysed by
isoelectrie focusing in thin layer of polyacrylamide gel.There were 11-24 bands of Es isozymes in the tissues of heart,muscle,kidney,spleen,liver,and brain separately.Difference of Es zymograms between tissues were also found.The allozymes of Es isozymes were detected in the experiment.The eletrophoretograms of MDH isozymes in different tissues were similar except that in spleen.There were 1-2 m-MDH and L-2 s-MDH bands Of MDH isozymes.
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INFLUENCE OF PLATEAU ZOKOR MOUNDS ON THE VEGETATION AND SOLL NUTRIENTS IN A ALPINE MEADOW
WANG Quanye, BLAN Jianghui, SHI yinzhu
1993, 13(1): 31-37.
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Effect of plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) mounds in alpine meadow was investigated by determining the sinking tendency of mounds,coverage of mounds, change of the aboveground biomass of plant on mounds and soil nutrient concentrations at Haibei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem,Academia Sinica, 1990.The result showed that mounds were formed at a ratio 243 mounds/year per zokor which were equal to 1023.82 kg of the dry mass of soil. The mounds would be sinking within one year.
The aboveground biomass of plant on the mounds which emerged on the area of primary vegetation was significantly higher than that of on the area of secondary vegetation. There were three cyclic areas under the mound region that had been coved by a mound ,one with abundant species of plants existed at the edging of the mound,another area with poor species of plants was at the intermediate part of the mound.there was a no plant area in the centre of the mound.The soil of fresh and old mounds were higher in available nitrogen and phosphorus content than randomly-collected samples, but available potassium content was not different between the mounds and controls area.Aboveground biomass of plant surrounding mounds was significantly higher than controls area.
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PRODUCTIVITY INVESTIGATION OF THE R00T VOLE(MICROTUS OECONOMUS)POPULATION IN HAIBEI ALPINE BUSHLAND(POTENTILLA FRUTICOSA):III.POPULATION ENERGETICS
WANG Zuwang, WEI Shanwu, JIANG Yongjin, WANG Dehua, YANG Futun, HU Defu
1993, 13(1): 38-49.
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The root voel(Microtus oeconomus)is the dominant rodent species in Haibei alpine bushland(Potentilla fruticosa),and various aspects of its bioenergetics have been extensively studied.In order to come to a better understanding of the vole's bioenergetics and a more reasonable evaluation of its role in the alpine meadow ecosystem ,We conducted a comprehensive investigation of its energetics including net primary production,population density,population production,average metabolic rate (ADM R),reproductive cost,daily activity rhythm ,energy intake,digestion,assimilation,daily energy budget,yearly energy budget, and energy flow through the vole population.The daily energy budget(DEB)model was constructed on the basis of ADMR (Table 3)and by concurrent consideration of huddling effect,surface activity time,and reproductive effort(Table5).DEB is the highest during the green up period,and this can be illustrated by the fact that in this period almost all voles comprise the population are overwintered adults,they are heavier and more involved in reproductive and surface activities (thus meet higher thermoregulatory demand).Yearly energy intake of the vole population(Table 6) ranges from 568.175×10
3
to 1541.692×10
3
KJ/ha.yr,and we concluded that the vole's food resource is relatively abundant compared with the net primary production (Pn)of the bushland(Table 1)and the food availabe (Fa) for the vole (70.12% Pn of the herb layer).Population assimilationis 398.576×10
3
to1081.230 ×10
3
KJ/ha.yr,of which 1.22%- 2.23% is transformed into population production,and no significant difference was found be tween the production due to growth(Pg)and production due to reproduction(Pr) (Table6).Finally,the potential errors the two ways,namely A=C- F- U andA =P+R ,traditionally used to estimate energy flow were discussed,and we suggest that for more precise estimation of respiration and energy flow ,the doubly labelled water(DLW )method be employed in future studies.
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STUDY ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE STRUCTURE OF BRANDT'S VOLES(MICROTUS BRANDTI)
LIU Zhilong, SUN Ruyong
1993, 13(1): 50-60.
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According to the distribution of net body masses (the body mass excluding abdominal viscera), Brandt's voles are divided into two groups,overwintering voles and voles born of this year.Because the vole's physiological age differs from the chronological age. it is not necessary to divide the chronological age groups by using varions morphological indexes such as body mass.body length,net body mass,morphology of skull and tooth etc.The voles born of this year are divided into sex-maturating (adult) and SeX—non—maturating voles(juvenile)on the basis of physiological indexes.The main part of population was overwinterings before late half of May.When thevoles born of this year appeared on surface in late half of May,they took place ofoverwinterings rapidly and in late half of July the percentage of over wintering haddeclined to less than 10%.The votes born in spring grew and maturated rapidly andbecame the sexmaturatings to reproduce.But the voles born of late Summer and Atumn grew and maturated slowly and did not reach Sex—maturating in fall. The overwinterings and most of the sex—maturating voles disappeared from populationinfallandthe main part of population was the sex—non maturating voles.It is foundthat the mean net body mass of overwinterings in spring and the appearing scale ofthe first cohort may be important indexes to predicting population increasing or deareasing by compared the population-increasing-year with population-declining-year.
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A M0DEL OF BIVARIATE NORMAL ELLIPSE FOR HOME RANGE OF ANIMALS
SU Jjanping, LIU Jike
1993, 13(1): 61-70.
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The authors in this paper point out that there are at least three problems in the
present bivariate normal home range models besides lack of available method for testing the location data for conformity to the general bivariate normal distribution.
These problems include (1) Home range definition may be incorrect,such as the index of A
4
(Jennrich
et al,1969),Ac (Mazurkiewicz,1969),the standard ellipse and Ap(Koeppl et a1.1975) which are not derivable from the density function of bivariate normal distribution. (2) Determining the bundary of home range as that of Calhoun and Casby's
normal circle (Jennrlch et al,1969);Mazurkiewicz,1969,197I;Dunn et al. 1977).violates the hypothesis of ρ≠0. (3)No available method for recognizing the extreme locations and for rejecting
their influences on home range estimates including size,shape and orientation. To overcome a!l disadvantages mentioned above,the authors proposed another
mode1.Home range data is tested for conformity to bivariate normal distribution by calculating the Cramer—von Mises statistic based on the assumption are approximately distributed as ,where Xi is the vector containing x and y coordinates of the ith location, the sample mean vector and S sample variance-co varianceeovariance matrix. A weighted iteration procedure proposed by Rand les et al.(1978)and Campbell is used to recognize the atypical observations and to reject their effects.If the home range data is proved to be consistent with genial or weighted bivariate normal distribution, the home range may be defined as the area surrounded by the elliptical curve
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GREY SYSTEM AND IT'S APPLCATION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE WILD MUSK RES0URCE
YANG Qisen
1993, 13(1): 71-74.
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Estimate of the dynamic Of musk resource at Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefec—
ture in the theory of Grey System and based on the investigation of wild musk deer
(
Moschus berezovskii, M .sifanicus
), we create the musk resource prediction model of this areas with the purchase information of musk from 1967 t0 1975.the prediction equation after 1967 is: X
(1)
(t)=-108214.5273e
-0.0973
(t-t。) + 1839.9007e
-1.1494
(t-t
0
)+ 113969.1266
the degree of connectiou S=0.9279,we simulate of the predition and the purchase information are very closely,the average error rate is -5.6829% (-16.6076~ 9.3533%).but after 1978,the prediction and the purchase information are signification difference.the reason of the difference are, from 1978 to 1982, excessive pursue. and after 1982,the main factor caused the musk reduce is excessive pursue and lawless smuggle by some illgal person.
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AN ANALYSIS ON BODY CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF APODEMUS DRACO
WU Delin
1993, 13(1): 75-80.
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