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    20 November 1991, Volume 11 Issue 4
    OBSERVATION ON BEHAVIOR OF THE BAIJI (Lipotes vexillifer)IN YANGTZE RIVER
    HUA Yuanyu, SUN Jiang, ZHOU Kaiya, ZHANG Guocheng, ZHAO Qingzhong
    1991, 11(4):  241-245. 
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    The authors of the present paper hade made forty-seven sailings in the middle andlower reaches of the Yangtze River for observing the behavior of the Baiji (Lipotes vexillifer), from 1979 to 1990. Based on the records of on the-boat observation, the paper has made a overall description and comprehensive analysis of its behaviors of schooling, mother-calf, feeding courtshipping, playing, resting, escaping, etc., upon its breath on the surface of water.
    A PRIMlARY STUDY ON THE INORGANIC ELEMENTS IN THE HAIRS 0F GIANT PANDAS
    ZKANG Wancheng, WANG DONG, LI Dan, FANG Shengguo
    1991, 11(4):  246-252. 
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    The 21 inorganic elcmemts including AI,Ti,V,Cr, Se,As,Hg,P,Cu, K,Zn,Fe,M n,Ca,M g,Pb,Cd,Co,Ni,Sr and Ba in the hairs of 18 healthy giant pandas in domestic and field were determined. We found that the content of Hg;in the haits field Pandas increases with the rising of the Panda age;the contents of 10 elements sush as Hg in tlle hairs of field old Pandas are the highest; the quantities of 13 elements such as A1 in the hairs of field old Pandas are higher than that of femaleas; the contents off11 elements such asTi in the hairs of field Pandas are higher than that of domestic ones; the contens of Hg, Cu, Pb.and Cd in the hairs of domestic Pandas increase with the rising of the Pandas aget there is no significant diference between the element content in the white hairs and that in the black hairs of the same old panda in field.
    A STUDY 0N RELAT10NSHIP 0F HAIR M0RPH0L0GY 0F WHITE—LIPPED DEER AND ALPINE ENVIR0NMENT
    CHEN Minqi, WANG Xiaoan
    1991, 11(4):  253-257. 
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    The microscopic and submicroscopic Structure of the covering hair of whitelipped deer has been stttdied. The result indicated that the covering hair of white-lipped dear is only composed of needle-shapsd hair. The needle-shaped hair is very wide in diemeter, its medulla is very dcveloping and the morphology of medulla is honeycombed lattice type. The medulla exponent can reach 96% .The characteristic of degoncration in cortx was found. The presservation of heat of neddle-shaped hair is more effective. This is an important feature of adaptation to alpine environment.
    THE FOOD COMPOSITION AND SEASONAL CHANGE OF THE MOOSE IN HEIHE FOREST AREA
    YU Xiaochen, XIAO Qianzhu
    1991, 11(4):  258-265. 
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    The dynamics of the food-habits of the moose(Alces alces)we studied with the microhlstologlcal analysis technique of the feces in Heihe forest area from 1987-1988.
    The results showed that 54 genera(over 70 species)plants are used through the year. wood plants constitute 59 and other plants coustitute 41%. Browse is the most importance food of moose diet. it is eaten the highest in Februasy to March(99.9%)and begin to reduce from April, the proportion of browse is the lowest in August(65.3 %).
    salix spp.,Coryus spp.Betula spp.and Populus davidiana are importance browse food of moose,the average in year diet is 18.7% ,15.8%,12.2% and 9.4% respectively. Use ot leaf litter isthe highest during May and October(19.9 % and 22.4% ). Use of grass and sedge is the highest in August (7.76 %). Use of forbs is mainly in summer. the amount in the diet is the highest in August(25.8% ).
    A PRIMARY OBSERVATION OF THE RED FOX DENS
    JIA Jingbo, XIAO Qianzhu, XU Li, MA Haisheng
    1991, 11(4):  266-269. 
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    In fivekinds of different enviroment from Hulin county of Heilongjiang province, western suburb of Harbin andXianghai natural conservation of Jilin province, the author has observed and analysed 83 fox den and 120 den openings. The results showed that two kinds dens in five different environment were found, one is the main den and another is the temporary den, they werenodifferences in district. The main den has two openings and the temporaryden has one opening. The overall means were 26.48(±1.03)cm in the opening width, 26.35(±1.24)cm in the opening height. The first tunnel length of the red fox den is 117.86(±8.38)cm. The dens opening faced the sunlight accounting for 46.67%, and fox dens located at the top of the slop accounting for 60.24%.

    PR0DUIVITY INVESTIGATION OF THE ROOT VOLE (MICROTUS OECONOMUS)POPULATION IN THE HAIBEI ALPINE BUSHLAND (POTENTILLA FRUTICOSA)I.POPULATION DYNAMICS
    JIANG YongJin,WEI Shanwu,WANG Zuwang,ZHENG Shengwu,CUI Ruixian
    1991, 11(4):  270-278. 
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    From May 1980 through October 1982, two isolated populations of the root vole. M icrotus oeconmus, were investigatod with Catch-Mark-Release (CMR) method at the Haibei Alpine Ecosystem Research Station,Academ ia Sinica,and the first objective of this research was to study population dynamics of this species.
    The major features of the population fluctuations are as follows: 1)This species showed relatively less year-to-year density fluctuation, especially the size of spring population . The peak density fluctuated with a range not more than 50%. 2)Population fluctuation was of typical annual(seasonl)with the lowest density(about 10/ha.) in spring orearly summer, and peak density(about 65/ha.) in fall. Also in the present study, by analyzing other demographic traits( timing of breeding, survival, and age struture) and their relationships with population fluctuation, we suggest that climatic factors affect size level of the population, and behavioral regulation play a primary role in maintaining relatively stable popualton.
    STUDIES ON SPECIES DlVERSITY OF SMALL MAMMAL COMMUNITY AT ALPINE MEADOW
    SHI Yinzhu, BIAN Jianghui, WANG Quanye, ZHANG Yianmiag
    1991, 11(4):  279-284. 
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    The paper deals with the relation between the slmeies diversity of small mammal communities and the diversity,height, coverage of plant communities. The structure and spatial pattern of small mammal communities and interspecific relationship on the four habitats (artificial grassland, half-artificial grassland, secondary grassland.derelict land) were studied at the area of Haibei Reserch station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystern in Sep.1989. Population densitits of animals were calculated by mounds coefficient for Myospatax baileyi,hole coefficiant for Ochotona curzoniae and removal sampling for other animals.The results were as follows: 1.four types of small mammal communities on the four habitats were determind: A.Microtus oeconomus +Myospalax baileyi community. B.Microtus oeconomus +ochotona cansus community. C.Ochotona curzoniae + Myospalax baileyi community. D.Cricetulus longicaudatus + Ochotona curzoniae community. These four communities distribute artificial grassland(Elymus nutans community), half-artificial grassland(Elymus mutans+ E.sibicus community), secondary grassland (potentilla anserina+ Ajania tenuifolia community) and derelict land (Aconitum gyman-andrum+Polygonum sibiricum community) respectively. 2. There is no linear correlation between the species diversity indexes of small mammals and of plants, but the species diversity indexes of small mammals are negative correlated significantly with the height and coverage of plants. 3.Myospalax baileyi is a eurytopic species. .Microtus oeconomus and ochotona cansus are mainly distributed the habitats with close vegetation, .Ochotona curzoniae and Cricetulus longicaudatus are mainly distributed the habitats with short or sparse vegetation. these results demonstrated that the composition of grassland small mammal communities was determined primarily by vegetation struture.
    RELATI0NSHIP 0F THE POPULATlON DYNAMICS AND THE AGE COMPOSITION OF THREE R0DENTS IN RURAL DISTRICTS OF N0RTHERN HUAlHE RIVER ,ANHUI
    ZHU Shengkan,YAN Shibing
    1991, 11(4):  285-293. 
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    This paper deals with the relatlonship of the population dynamics and the age composition of striped field mouse(Apodonus agrarius),ratlike hamster (Cricetulus triton)and striped hamster (Cricetulus barabeasis).The specimens of three rodents were collected in Northern Huaihe River, Anhui Province during 1982 to 1988, and with the growth and the wear of upper molar as the age griteria, the specimens were divided into five age groups. juvenile(I), subadult(Ⅱ), adult I (Ⅱ) adult Ⅱ (Ⅳ)and senior (V ). Analyes showed that the age composition of each species in the differentseason varied regularly.The proportions of the adult Ⅱ (or the senior)in the age composition were very high before the beginning of the reproductive period of them,and after the reproductive period owing to the new members from breeding uninterrupted puting in the population, that of each group in the composition correspondingly varied with the thanchanges of age in the population. This propertions in the age composition varied from year to year too. In addition, the major colonies of reproduction in the population were the adult Ⅱ in striped field mouse and Mriptd hamster,and the adult I in ratlike hamster.As for the relationship between the population dynamies and the age composition of the population of three, the annual numbers was higher when the proportions of the age groups(I+Ⅱ+Ⅲ)was highar,and lower when that of the age groups (Ⅳ + Ⅴ)were higher.
    A STUDY OF THE SUBSPECIES CLASSIFICATION OF APODEMUS AGRARIUS IN EASTERN CONTINENTAL CHINA
    LIU Chunsheng,WU Wanneng,GUO Shikun,MENG Jihui
    1991, 11(4):  294-299. 
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    This paper describes the morphological difference of A.agrarius from different areas in eastern continental China. The author suggests that A.agraxius can be divided into two subspecies after the comparison ofclearnessof the black dorsal stripe and the colour of their dorsal hair. The two subspecies are: A.a.manchuricus and A.a .ningpoensis.A previously claimed subspecies -A.a.pallldior shows no distinctlve feature over the classification.Samples of A .p.palldior taken from north of Qinling Mountains to the Huai River line have similar dorsal coloration and black stripe with that of A .a.menchuricus,while samples taken from south of the above line have very similar dorsal coloration and black stripe with that of A.a.ningpoensis.
    The diatribution of A.a.manchuricius and A.a.ningpoensis is demarcated along the Qinling Mountains to HuaiRiver line which is also the eastern boundary of the palaearctic Realm and Oriental Realm in China`s animal geographic division.
    A STUDY ON THE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL MAMMALS IN THE FARMLAND OF WESTERN SICHUAN
    NI Jianying,JIANG Cuangzao,TAN Xianghong
    1991, 11(4):  300-305. 
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    The survelifance data of fixed seat trap in threeplots from 1987 to 1990 has beenanalysed .It indicated that the density distribution of small mammals in the farmland of western Sichuan varied greatly with the distance to the farmhousei.e.thecloser to the farmhouse, the highest density of small mammals existed .The density decreased clearly with the distance away from the farmhouse. The distribution curve was alogistic curve. The house rodents were more concentrated to the housethan field rodents and Sichuan short tail shrew. In the mean while,the density distribution varied with seasons, therewere higher density in the distance between 50 meter to 75 meters from the farmhouse in spring and summer.In autumn and winter. the closer to the farmhouse,the higher density of small mammals presented.
    THE KARYOTYPES AND SDS-PAGE OF THE SERUM PR0TEIN IN FIVE SPECIES OF RODENTIA
    WANG Zongren,LIU Weihua,YE Enqi,JIANG Jianqing
    1991, 11(4):  306-309. 
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    In this paper the karyotypes and SDS-PAGE of serum protein of 5 species of Rodentia (e.g.Sciurotamias davidiasus,Eutamias sibiricus,Clethrionomys rulocanus.Eothenomys shanseius and Allactaga sibirica)wero reported. The results showed in table1 (see origlnal paper). The karyotypes of S.davidianus,E.shanseious and A.sibirica were reported for the first time in this paper. The karyotype of E.sibiricus observed by us differed from the karyotype of the same species reportod by T.C.Hsu et al. in 1971. The results of SDS-PAGE of serum protein showed that there are the same band of serum protein among some species if they belong to the same family(taxonomic level)
    The results provided experimental evidence in eytogcneties and molecular lever at the definition of taxonomica1 unit.