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20 November 1990, Volume 10 Issue 4

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THE DIFFERENCE IN BODY SIZE 0F THE GIANT PANDA BETWEEN MINSHAN AND QIONGLAI MOUNTAINS

WEI Fuwen， HU Jinchu， WU Yi，YUAN Chonggui，ZHONG Shaomin

1990, 10(4):  243-247. 

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Since 1984-1989，We have got 29 and 18 skulls of the giant panda from the Minshan and Qionglaishan Mountains respectively. The skulls were measured and then we input data to IBM computer to do variance analysis test．Through test for diffecent items between the Minshan and Qionglaishan Pandas，it can beseen that there are significant differences in condyobasal legth，rostral length，palatal length and joint length of lower jaw between the two pandas．This means that the body size of Qionglaishan pandas is much bigger than that of Minshan pandas. The results observed directly in the field also prove this point．After further analysis，some results are as follows:
1.There are significant differences in skull length between the two pandas such as condylobasal，rostral length, no differences in width such as zygomatic.
2．There are significant differences in teeth width between the two pandas no differences in teeth length．
3．There are significant differences in premolar length only, no differences in molar cheek length．
4．There are significant differences in outer distance between the same left and right tooth，no differences in inner distance.
The causes of the differences were discussed.

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Ｓｅｘｕａｌ　ｄｉｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｍａｎｄｉｂｌｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　Ｔａｉｗａｎ　ｒｅｅｖｅｓ　ｍｕｎｔｊａｃ（Ｍｕｎｔｉａｃｕｓ　ｒｅｅｖｅｓｉ　ｍｉｃｒｕｒｕｓ）

PEI　Ｊｉａｑｉ，ＷＵ　Ｙｕｑｉ

1990, 10(4):  248-254. 

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Ｔｈｉｓ　Ｐａｐｅｒ　ｄｅａｌｓ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｄｉｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｍａｎｄｉｂｌｅ　ｏｆ　Ｔａｉｗａｎ　ｒｅｅｖｅｓ＇ｍｕｎｊａｃ（Ｍｕｎｔｉａｃｕｓ　ｒｅｅｖｅｓｉ　ｍｉｃｒｕｒｕｓ）．　Ｔｈｅ　ｍａｎｄｉｂｌｅｓ　ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄ　ｂｙ　ａｂｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌ　ｈｕｎｔｅｒｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｕｓｅｄ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｉｓ　ｓｔｕｄｙ　ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｍａｄｅ　ａｍｏｎｇ　７６　ｋｎｏｗｎ－ａｇｅｄ　Ｔａｉｗａｎ　ｒｅｅｖｅｓ＇ｍｕｎｊａｃ　ｏｆ　ｂｉｔｈ　ｓｅｘｅｓ　ｆｒｏｍ　Ｔａｉｐｅｉ　Ｚｏｏ　ａｎｄ　Ｉ－ｌａｎ　Ｃｏｕｎｔｙ，　Ｔａｉｗａｎ．

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A STUDY 0N THE P0PULATION EC0L0GY 0F FOREST MUSK DEER (MOSCHUS BEREZOVSKII) AT THE N0RTH 0F HENGDUAN MOUNTAINS

YANG Qisen, HU Jinchu, PENG Jitai

1990, 10(4):  255-262. 

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Musk is famous Chinese medical resourse，in which forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii) is the essential species of producing musk．In order to master，consenva and exploit this natural animal resourse, we studied it's population ecology at the north of Hengduan Mountains．The results are as follows：
1．Based on 106 skulls，according to the recovers of the skull，wears of the teeth and the feeding colony．we determined the ages and divided it into five age classes：Baby，Cub，Adult I，Adult Ⅱand Senile．
2．According to the imitation 0f curve and age classes，we draw out the static life table and make out the survivorshipcurve (1_x )．death curve (d_x) and death rate curve (1000q x)． The equation of the relative survivorship rate to tht baby P(t) and the age t is：
P(t)=100 (t=o)
P(t)=105.116798e^-0.282556t (2.5≤t< 20，r=-0.982695)
p(t)=0 (t≥ 20)
3．In different age stage the sexual rates are different，and in preprodactive period (baby and cub stage)，they are approximately 1:1J, and in adult I is1.77：1，adult Ⅱ，2.80：1，seuile，1：2．
4．The intrinsic rate of natural inerease is 0.0710，mean length of generation is 6.5110 years，multiplication rate per gemeration is 1.5873，and at 6-8 years old，they have the greatest reproductive value 3.0048．

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XINJIANG BEAVER AND CASTORIUM

SHENG Helin, XU Hongfa, ZHANG Endi

1990, 10(4):  263-267. 

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Beaver livesby Wulungu river and its branch in northern Xinjiang province and it has been investigated during late autumn and early winter of 1988．The body weight of adult beaver is 24.1±1.9kg，body length 83.4±2.9cm，tail length 27.3±0.5cm ，cranium length 142.6±2.4mm and zygomatic width 102.8±2.4ram．The body weight of subadult beaver is 16.0±1.7kg．
The fur size of adult and subadult beaver is 177.8cm and 152.1cm .the dry castor sac of adult and subadult is 190.60± 49.78g, and 59.95±9.46g，respeetively．The net castor weight of adult is five times than that of subadult．
The ralationships between body weight and dry castor sac size，and between castors size and castorium content ratio are positively correlated．Regression equations of the former and the latter are V= -145.35+13.49x and y=0.6066+0.013x，respectively．
Xindiang beaver families are in the underground nests．They don't built the damas usua1 and the territorial behavior has been found in beaver．The distance between both nests is about 1-2 km ．
The population of beaver have been estimated．About 600-700 beavers live in northern Xinjiang province．Four suggestions for protecting Xinjiang beaver were put forward in this paper．

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HOME RANGE OF RED FOXES IN THE WEST SUBURBS OF HARBIN

JL Jingbo， XIAO Qianzhu

1990, 10(4):  268-275. 

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Home ranges of five red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the West suburbs of Harbin were studied during the winter of 1985-1986 with the snow-tracking method．Results reverled that activities of five foxes in their horne ranges were concentrated near centers with apparent deviation in directions influenced by man．Mean radii of home ranges were 320(±68)to 557 (±82)m ., sizes were 1.44 to 4.09 km²and indices of llnearity were 1.079 to 2．Individual dlstances of five foxes averaged about 1 km．

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BARK—STRIPPING DAMAGE T0 FOREST TREESBY RED-BELLIED TREE SQUIRREL(Callosciurus erythaeus)IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE

ZHU Yongdan, ZHANG Weiyang ,ZHU Xi

1990, 10(4):  276-281. 

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Zhejiang Province lies on the coast of the East sea，with a mild climate and plentiful rainfall，typical of the north sub- tropical monsoon climate．Squirrel damage to trees in this area is of two types: (1)by eating the nuts and seeds．(2)by bark -strip-ping.
There are 47 bark-stripping tree species ty squirrel，including Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata，Crypotomeria fortunei，Schima superba，Pinus elliotii，Meta—sequoia glyptostroboides，Cupressus funebris，Melia azedarach，Paulownia fortunei，Ca—stanea mollitssima，Ginkgo biloba，Phyllotachys spp．etc．
The main damaging squirrel species were found to be Callosciurus erythraeus styani Thomas．
A total of 12947 trees on the 759 spots were surveyed in Zhejiang from August， 1987 to September，1989．The mean damage ratiowas 54.44% and the death ratio was 7.24%．Squirrel stripping damage to tress starts in the late autumn，and usually occurs in January，Februaxy and March．
The cause of squirrel stripping damage may be related to unrich food．The most serious damage to China fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) occurs in trees aged 14- 16 years and in Massons pine (Pinus massoniana)aged 10- 20 years．In this paper，the causes of squirrel damage，the relationship between the occuring damsge，forest types and effects of forest composition on the squirrel damage were discuesed．

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STUDIES 0N THE PATTERN 0F SPATIAL DISTRIBUTI0N OF CITELLUS DAURICUS POPULATION AND ITS APPLICATI0N

MI Jingchuan, WANG Chengguo

1990, 10(4):  282-286. 

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This paper is based on the investigation of lower mountain-hilly areas and plain areas in the northeast parts of Inner Mongolia in 1987．The comperative method of frequency distribution was used to study on the pattern of spatial distribution of Citellus dauricus．
The results show that the patterns of spatial distribution of mating stage and young seperating stage of Citellus dauricus belong poisson distribution in four investigating areas when the size of quadrat was 1 hectare(100m ×100m)．The effects of factors restricted by the enviroment and density on pattern of spatial distribution is not obvious． Regression analysis show that the curve relation between population density(m )and the quadrat frequency which the rodents were not captured(P_o,) or the quadrat frequency which the rodents were captured(P_x) were m =4.5451-0.9672lnP and m=4.5451-0.0672 in(1-P_x) respectively．The rasults of x ²-test show that the curves tally with the theoretical curve of poission distribution (x^2_《x^2_.0.05，df p>0.05)．These results will provide a theoretical basis for estimating the population density．

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BREEDING OF PLATEAU PIKA UNDER ARTIFICIAL CONDITIONS

YE Runrong, ZHOU Wenyang, BAI Qinhua, JIA Jingxiao

1990, 10(4):  287-293. 

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According to the study on reproduction of F1，F2 and F3 generations of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)domesticated in laboratory．the features of that pika have entered into reproduction，the main concusions of th e study are summarized as follows：
(1)Platcau pika is an animal of induced ovulation．
(2)Although the different individuals of male pika，who are able to be used to mate．can be found every month，most of them remains the property of seasonal reproduction under laboratory conditions．The reproductive peak period of male pika occures from May to October．
(3)The mean gestational period of female pika in laboratory is about 22.5 days.
(4)An average of 3.4± 1.3 litters per year was reproduced by adult female pika and mean 1itter size was 4.8±1.8．
(5)In laboratory，the reproductive period of plateau pika was mainly concentrated
in l-2 years since the age of sex-maturity．
(6)The observable increase of body weight of female pika after 8 days since mating upcan be used to identify if the pika has gestated．

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STUDY 0N THE P0PULATI0N DYNAMICS 0F ANOUROSOREX SQUAMIPES FROM SICHUAN PR0VINCE

JIANG Guangzao, NI Jianying, TAN Xianghong

1990, 10(4):  294-298. 

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Anourosorex squamipes Milne-Edwards is one of the dominant species of small mammals in Sichuan farmlands．Its population numbers varied with seasons in a year with two peaks，e．g．spring and autumn，the latter was a little higher than the former．The increasing and decreasing rules of population number in a year were divided into five periods, that is，potential period (Marchto April);active period (June，August and september; pausing period (July); rising and declining period (October to November) and ditto period (December，January and February)．
The distributive pattern of this animal in the fields was aggregative as individual group, but the relationship between the aggregation and population number was negative, when the population number was higher，the aggregative force was lower．The results indicated that no pregnant individuals of female had been found in December，January
and February，and the reproduction paused in these months．

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPEROXIDE DISM UTASE AND LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES IN THE TISSUES FROM THREE KINDS 0F MURIDS

ZHOU Yucan, SHAO Lingxiang, HE Xinxia

1990, 10(4):  299-303. 

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Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH ) isozymes in the tissues of three wild rats have been compared by simultaneous development of their activity staining on a single slab ge1．The migratory velocity of LDH zones of A .agrarius is slower than that of R.norvegicus and R.norvegicus，so that two different zymograms appeared：the former is a close-together pattern while the latter is a loose-pattern．It is suggested that the chemical structure of their subunits be different．The zone of LDH—X (C₄) is found in the testis tissue of the oestrus male rat．This zone is located on the negative electrode side of LDH -5 in A.agrarius，but it is located between LDH—4 and LDH一5 in R．norvegicus．
the migratory velocity of SOD isozyme zones in the tissues of A.agrarius is also different from that of R.flavipectus and R .norvegicus．The former is faster，so in the same tissue the distance from LDH-1 to S0D main band is farther apart。the 1atter is slower, so in the same tissue the distance from LDH-l t0 S0D main band is much closer．The test of heat-resisting proved that the ability of endurance of subunit B of LDH is much higher than that of subun it A，but lower than that of S0D．The test of cyanide inhibition proved that the SOD mentioned above belongs to Cu／Zn-SOD ．In the tissues of all infant rat the number of S0D zones and their distributions are obviouely different rom those of an adult rat．Thisf act suggests that the change of SOD molecular structure occur along with in dividual development from infant to adult for R. norvegicus．

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SOME ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF ARGALI(OVIS AMMON HODGSONI)IN THE BURHABUDA MOUNTAIN OF QINGHAI PROVINCE

1990, 10(4):  304-307. 

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ANALYSIS OF TEACE ELEMENTS IN THE TISSUES OF CITELLUS DAURICUS

1990, 10(4):  308-309. 

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