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    20 May 1990, Volume 10 Issue 2
    DIAGNOSIS OF THE EARLY STAGE 0F GIANT PANDA'S POREGNANCY
    LIU Weixin, LIU Nonglin, XIE Zhong
    1990, 10(2):  81-87. 
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    No report had ever been published on the diagnosis of the early stage of pregnancy or the Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) either in China or abroad.This is a valuble subject in the field of Giant Panda breeding biology.On the basis of many years of research,we had made erythrocyte rosette formation test to diagnose the early stage of Giant Panda' s pregnancy from 1985 to 1987.The diagnosis was based on the varla-tion of the combination rate of erythrocyte rosette of T-cell in the blood of the female.The result showed that pregnant female had obvious decline in the combination rate of erythrocyte rosette of T-cell after 96-144 hours of mating while non-pregnant female hadn 't.By such test we can readily distinguish the pregnants from the non-pregnants.
    STUDIES ON FOOD BASE 0F GIANT PANDA IN QINLING MOUNTAINS
    TIAN Xingqun
    1990, 10(2):  88-96. 
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    The Giant panda is an ancient animal.Its food habit is nearly monophagous that tends to lead it to be endangered.For increasing its population,it is necessary to study its food base and habitat environment.Based on food researches of Giant panda, his article discussed sysmatica lly the lving environment and utilization of different types of food base in Qinling mountain.The results show:
    1. There are 14 species of bamboos belonging 6 genera in the distribution area of
    Giant panda in the Qinling,but only 3 species belonging 3 genera to form the food base of Giant panda: (1)Bashania fargesli. (2)Thamnocalmus spathacea, (3)Sinaru-ndinaria nitida. 2.The bamboo resource can meet the needs of at least 7 times the numbers of Giant panda at present.
    3. According to different topography,bamboo forest and Giant panda active peri-
    ods etc,the types of food base can be classified into three categories:(1) Mixed bamboo area at below midhill with steep slope and canyon, (2) Com pound-axis demut-ation bamboo area at middle mountain with gently slope and wide valley,(3)Symp-ode scattered bamboo area at subalpine with broad ridge and peak.
    4. The utilization of bamboos by Giant panda can' t cause food base declining.
    A STUDY 0F D0MINANCE HIERARCHY IN A FEMALE HERD 0F BURMESE ELD'S DEER(CERVUS ELDI THAMIN)
    XU Hongfa, Kanta Kumari , J.S.Lwanga
    1990, 10(2):  97-103. 
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    The process of establishment of dominance hierarchy in a herd of eleven female eld's deer were observed in an out door paddock.A total of 14 types of social behavior were recorded,using a modification of the "all occurrence sampling" method.During the observation period,a tota1 of 1145 of social behavior were recorded,of these,962(84% ) were agonistic and 183 (16 %) were of affinity.Using the index of aggression and the index of dominance,the dominance ranks were assignod to members.With Landau's index of linenrlty test,it is showed that eld's deer dominance hierarchy is a very strog linear hierarchy.
    Aggressive interaction in the herd of eld 's deer is more intense for establishing dominance hierarchy.The deer exhibited a more harmonized stat once the hierarchy. was established.The fight for dominance rank rose a gain when a new eld' s deer was introducted in the herd of deer that had established the dominance hierarchy,and was more intense than before.
    A STUDY ON THE AGGREGATE HABIT OF HAINAN ELD'S DEER (CERVUS ELDI HAINANUS)
    SONG Yanling, LI Shanyuan
    1990, 10(2):  104-109. 
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    A total of 852 groups of Hainan eld's deer were observed in the Datian National Nature Reserve during April,1986 to May,1987.The average group size for each month and standard deviation were calculated.Tre analysis of these data revealed that the percentage and the stability of types group were quite different in distinct seasons,and therefore breeding season,seasonal change of vegetation and the types of deer group were responsible for the difference in group sizes Suggestions on the conservation mea-sures related to the aggregate habit of the deer are given in this paper。
    HRP STUDY 0F NEURAL PR0JECTI0NS 0F ACOUSTIC SIGNAL TO THE CEREBELLUM 0F ECHOLOCATING BATS
    ZHANG Shanqing, SUN Xinde, Philip H.S.Jen
    1990, 10(2):  110-113. 
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    Neural projections to the cerebellum of the bat,Myotis lucifugus and Eptesicus fuscus,were studied by iontophoretie injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)into the cerebellar vermis alld hemispheres.HRP was injected into the recording sites of cerebellar neurons responding to acoustic stimuli.The rosults showed that the cerebellum primarily received its auditory projections via the pontine nucleus.The cerebellum a1so received direct projections from the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex. HRP labelled neurons were also found in the inferior olivary nucleus and vestibular nucleus.
    ON THE INVADING BEHAVIOR OF PLATEAU ZOKOR AND A NEW APPROACH TO ITS CONTROL
    FAN Naichang, JING Zengchun, ZHOU Wenyang
    1990, 10(2):  114-120. 
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    It is generally found during the field on-the-spot work that new soi1 cork of mound would appear at the exposed hole which had been placed with traps within several hours or several days after a zokor was caught in a bulrow system ,and another in dividual might be caught if replacing the traps.This phenomenon seemed to indicate that zokors tended to invade the vacant territory of the habitat.
    The author studied the invadig behavior of the zokor which was in the specific pairing observing cases.Experiments were made for six times totally.The invading behavinrs occured by another zokor in the nearby case within two and a half hours after removing the zokor in one case,and four times,they occupied the vacant burrow -system of the oppcsite side to take the stored food to its own burrow- system, but still live in the original nest.The occupied the others' bur row -system twice and moved into the 'new 'nest whieh had been the habitat of another zokor .
    The discovrcry of the invading behavior was pointed out that under natural condition,the vacant territory in the habitat could be occupied by the zokons neartby or the
    immlgrating zokors within a short period when zokors had naturally died,eaten by natural enimies or killed in the process of controlling in a burrow system.Thus it is possible to be mbine this special behavior of the zokor with the present rodent control methods and knowledge so as to further raise the efficiency and effect in the work of the zokor control.
    Prom 1986 to 1987,a simulatlng burrow -system shooting bait drawing machine which had experimented on-the-spot for controlling the rodents was jointly manufactu-
    red by us and Qinghai Machinery Research institute. Towed by a 55 h.P.tractor,the machine opened 1 the burrow channels consecutively 15- 20cm undergcound and shot 19g of wheat poison bait by 5.5m intervals. It is shown by observations that the zoko-rs used simulating burrow system in sections,and the longest section could reach 32m ,while the shortest one was only 0.3m. M eanwhile,most of the sections that had been used were incorporated into the invadin g zokor 's burrow system. The result of control-ling the zokor was 85.1% by using the machine to shoot 0.075 Sodium-D iphaclnone of poison grain bait,and the continued killing efficiency could reach 97.7 % 5 months later. The result fully showed that by usin g the simulating burrow -system shooting bait drawing machine to control the zokor, the poison bait that left over in the burrow system could continuously develop the killin g effcieney of the relic and new ly immig-rating zokors within several months and with a single balting if also could intensify and consolidate the controlling effect.In the exemplin g area,the phenomenon of invading the slmulating burrow system arld taking the poison bait by the plateau pika exists commonly.So two kinds of rodents could be controlled at the same time with the method explained in the Paper.
    ASSESSMENT 0F AGE INDICES 0F GREATER L0NG TAILED HAMSTER BY USE 0F PRINCIPAL C0MP0NENT ANALYSIS
    LI Yuchun , LU Haoquan, TIAN Jiaxiang, HU Jiwu
    1990, 10(2):  121-127. 
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    The authors make an assessment to 10 age indices of greater Long-tailed hamster(Cricetutus triton) by use of principal component analysis.All analyzed indices arcordinated on the first principal component axis whose contribution fates are 62.22% to male correlation matrix and 58.82% to female one.The result shows:
    1.Body weight excluding viscera is the most present1e age indicator of greater long--tiled hamster.
    2.Among the practical ones including body weight,body length,tail length and full body length,body weight is the best age indicator for male and body length for female.Because the projection of body weight is justlittle smaller than that of body length in female,the authors suggest that body weight may be used as age indicator of both male and female in rough division of age groups.
    3.Dry weight of the eye lenses is not a suitable age indicator for greater long-tailed hamster because the eye lens is so light that the difference between two age groups adjacent to each other can not be reflected on s balance wohse sensitivity is more than 0.1mg.
    ON THE FAUNA AND THE Z00GE0GRAPHICAL REGIONIZATION OF GLIRES (INCLUDING RODENTSAND LAGOMORPHS)IN SHAANXI PROVINCE
    WANG Tingzheng
    1990, 10(2):  128-136. 
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    During 1959 to 1988,a number of specimens on glires were collected in Shaanxi province,and identified as 53 species,belonging to 2 orders,8 families ,6 subfamilies and 31 genera.Among them,Rattus nitidus is a new record to Shaanxi province.
    The small mammals consisting in Cricetidae,Muridae and Sciuridae are found to be abundant. The mammalian fauna of glires in Shaanxi is rather complex.Palaearetie mammals are considered as 20 species,occupying 55% of the total number of the species.Elements of the Oriental realm occupy 36% including 19 species,such as Callosciurus erythraeus,Dremomys pernyi,Rhizomys sinolsis and Rattus fulveseens,ete. are the representatives.while the remaining 9 are of widely distributed species, Besides,the musk rat (0ndatra zibethica) is an introduced species in Shaanxi since 1958.
    With respect to the dividing of the zoogeographical regions of glires,it may be divided into Six Ⅲ-order provinces,each provinceis charaeterized by representatives of glires as follows:
    1.Southern border province of Ordos plateau (SOP).The landscape here is of desert-steppe.There are 18 species of glires,of which Meriones meridianus,M.unguiculatus,phodopus roborovskii,and Spermophilus are found to be dominant or common forms.The fauna of this province presents primarily charaeteristies of Palaearetic forms,with exception of only one Oriental species,Rattus niviventer.
    2.Loess plateau province (lpp).The vegetation here is mostly foreststeppe, 19 species of glires are found to occur in this region.About 63% of its faunal components are mainly Palaearctic.In the farmland,the dominant forms are the Myospaiax cansus,Spermophilus dauricus and Cricetulus longieaudatus etc.
    3.Guanzhong plain province(GPP).It lies south to Qinling.The fauna here is similar to that of the LPP,but with more species which live in the cropland.On the other hand,the Cricetulus triton and Apedemus agrarius are found in great numbers.
    4.Qinling mountain province(TMP).The vegetation here consists of the montane subtropical forests on the Southern slopes as well as temperate forests on the Northern slopes.Altogether 37 species of glires have been found to occur in this province .The faunal components of the Qinling are Oriental and Pa'aearctic,occupying 46% and 43% of the total number of glires respectively.The remaining 11% are of widely spread species.There are 4 species which are dominant forms,i.e., Myospalax cansus rufescens,
    Rattus niviventer,Apodemus agrarius and A.peninsulae.
    5.Hanzhong—Ankang basin province (HAP).Based on our material,the mammalian fauna of glires only consists of 8 species.Among them the Apodemus agrarius,Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus are found to be dominant or common farms,while the farmer two species are Considered as harmful to agriculture in this region .
    6.Ta-Pashan province (TSP).This region is well-known by its Subtropical evergreen broad—leaved forests and subtropical mammals.About 63% of the fauna belongs to the 0riental realm and only 22% to the Palaeatetic realm , according to the investigation.Of the Oriental species,there are Tamiops swinhoei,petaurista claarkei,P.alborufus , Rhizomys sinensis,Rattus rattoides,R.fulvescens,R.coxingi and others.
    Based on the faunal compositions of the different provinces as given above,the author is of the opinion that the 1st.-3rd.provinces belong to the Palaearetic realm, the 4th-6th.provinces to the 0riental realm.
    THE FAUNA AND GE0GRAPHICAL DIVISI0N 0N GLIRES 0F GANSU PR0VINCE
    ZHENG Tao, ZHENG Yingmei
    1990, 10(2):  137-144. 
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    There are 87 species(including 7 subspecies) of glires in Gansu province,belonging to 2 orders. 9 families and 41 genera. The fauna of glires consists of three camponents : The palaearctic species,the oriental species and the widely spread species.
    Based on the faunistical characteristics of glires and zoogeographical feature,Gan su may be divided into 6 zoogeographical provinces.
    1. The province of East-Gansu Plateau:There are 28 (including 1 subspecies) of glires,making up 32.18% of total,among them 17 belong to palaearctic Species.3 belong to oriental species,and8 belong to widely spread species.
    2 .The province of Middle Loess Plateau:There are 30 species of glires.making up 34.48% of total;among them 19 belong to palaearetlc,4 belong to oriental and 7 belong to widely spread species.
    3. The province of Hexi Corridor:There are 36 species of glires.making up 41.38% of total among them 32 belong to palaearetie species,3 belong to widely spread species,and 1 belongs to introduced species.Salpingotus crassicauda & Brachiones
    P.prezewalskii are characteristical species.
    4. The province of Qilian Mountainous Region There are 29 species of glires,making up 33.33% of total among them 24 belo g to palaearetic。1 belongs to oriental and 4 belong to widely spread species.Alticola stoticzkanus nanschanicus & Alticola argentatus leucurus are characteristical ones.
    5 .The province of South -Gansu Plateau Grasslands:There are 34 species of gllires,making up 39.08% of total,among them 23 belong to palaearctic,6 belong to oriental and 5 belong to widely spread species. Microtus arvalis obscurus & Clethrionomys rufocanus shanseius are of characteristics.
    6 .The province of South-Gansu Mountainous Region There are 34 species of glires,making up 39.08% of total; among them 10 belong to palaearetie, 12 belong to oriental and 12 belong to widely spread species. Hystrix hodgsoni subristata and Micromys minutus are characterristical species.
    CLUSTER ANALYSIS ON R0DENTS COMMUNITY IN THE EASTERN PAIU OF DESERT-STEPPE
    MI Jingekuan, WANG Guan, WANG Chengguo
    1990, 10(2):  145-150. 
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    The systematic studies of rodents community in the eastern part of desert-steppe were carried out by using hierachal clustering method.By using Whittaker's index of similarity I=1-0.5Σ∣ai—bi∣ as clustering index,18 species of 5 families were classfied into 8 communities;
    1. Meriones unguiculatus + Citellus dauricus community;
    2. Meriones unguiculatus community;
    3. M .unguiculatus + Allactaga sibirica community;
    4. M .unguiculatus + Lagurus luteus + Ochotona daurica + A.sibirica community;
    5 M .unguiculatus+ C.dauricus+Dipus sagitta community;
    6.M .unguiculatus+ C.daurieus+C.erythrogenys commmaity;
    7.C.aaurlcus+M .unguiculatus community;
    8.0.daurica+M .ungulculatus community;
    Compared with the cluster result of correlative coefficient,this result was more able to represent the component characteristics and community structure of the rodents in this part.
    A STUDY ON THE PALATABIIJTY ASSESSMENT OF RODENTICIDES
    LIJjinghui, Rex E.Marsh
    1990, 10(2):  151-155. 
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    A new method for estimating the palatability of roden ticides is introduced. It is describing the palatability by a linear regression equation in which the acceptance co-efficient is taken as th e ordlnate(x) and the logarithm of concentrations of the co den -ticide in baits as the absclssa(Y).The advantage of this method is that the trend of variation of the palatability of baits eaused by the concentration changes can be reflc-cted.The method is demon strated with two rodentlcldes,zinc phosphide and vitaminD 3.The correlation coefficien t determination shows that there exi st s a very significa-nt negative correlation between the acceptance coefficien t and the logarith m con cen tra-tion for zinc phosphide (r= -0.8923,p< 0.001) and the absolute value of the correlation coefficient is slightly less than it should be if statistically signlfican t(p=0.05) for vitamin D 3,so it can be considered th at the vitamin D3 is better than zinc phosphide in palatability or rodent acceptance.And the regression calculation shows that the regression equation for zinc phosphide is:
    Y =0.4153-0.2541X.
    In addition, the results show that a minimum of the applicable concen tration is
    0.1% and the optimum is 0.2% for vitamin D3but the two are on ,i.e-2 %for zinephosphide.
    THE INVESTIGATl0N ON VIRAL HEPATITIS 0F THE WILD ANIMALS IN 14 C0UNTIES 0F YUNNAN PROVINCE CHINA
    1990, 10(2):  156-160. 
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