Table of Content

20 November 1989, Volume 9 Issue 4

Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

THE STUDY OF SEASONAL HOME RANGE OF THIBETAN MONKEY'S YULINKENG TROOP IN HUANGSHAN MOUNTAIN

WANG Qishan , XIONG Chengpei

1989, 9(4):  239-246. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (234KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Study of seasonal home range of Thibetan Monkey was conducted in southwest stop of Huangshan Mountain，Anhui Province(118°19′E， 30°29′N) for 182 days (October,1985, November，1987)．There were 23 individuals(♂11,♀12)of Yulinkeng Troop in October,1985,and by November,1987,there were 33(♂16,♀17)．The Yulinkeng Troops home range included evergreen， evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forests，with an area of 6km²．
Region's utilization frequency was related to the food abundance (table 3,4). In our research，region A and B (with the area of 0.75km² ) were utilized frequently.C and D (1.5km²) usually，and E (3.75km² ) generally．
The home range size of this troop changed seasonally．The Autumn size Was 3.62km²
contented 55% of evergreen forest,the summer size 1.02km² 24% of evergreen forest，the spring and winter 2.75 and 2.5km^2,55% and 65% evergreen forests respectively(see Fig.3,4).The monkeys had the longest daily moving distance,2.18km in summer,the shortest one,1km in winter,and 1.2 and 1.8km in spring and autumn．
The Yulinkeng Troop had a home range larger than that of M.fuscata and M.mulatta (see table 6),showing a lower utilization of home range than the laters．It also showed that the Thibetan Monkeys selected their foods in very narrow range．They must move a long distance to find foods．We considered that the monkeys were not so adaptive to wide environments．It might beoneof the reasons why this species distributed in small habitat and few quantities．
The Yulinkeng Troops home range had the highest altitude of 1310m,below the height of 8OOm where there was the farming area，so the home range only had a height of 40Om.Compared w ith other troops，the Yulinkeng Troop had its speciality and without vertical migration．The monkey's summer food were mainly the leaves of deciduous broad-leaved trees．Lacking of these trees in their home range，the monkeys had to move a long distance to find enough food．It meant that thetroop was capable of adjusting itself to adapt envirement．We considered that the characteristic of the utilization of seasonal home range was a kind of life pattern of the Thibetan Monkey in adapting its environment.

Select

B0DY PR0P0RT10N 0F FRANC0IS LEAF M0NKEY

PAN Ruliang, PENG Yanzhang, YE Zhizhang

1989, 9(4):  247-253. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (208KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

23 variables were measured and 13 indices calculated on the external body of franceis' leaf monkeys in order to analyse the body proportion．Diagrammatic representation
of geometrie structure was shown．with R cluster analysis，the relationships between variables were constructed and using Q cluster and three -dimensional model,the relationshipsof the body proportion between francois'leaf monkeys and those of other primates were illustrated． The results gave some aspects，that is within 23 item of the variables．theycan be separated into 5 small clusters，which deal with body size，forelimb．hindlimb，crania and hip．The interesting thing is the hip width which is most weakly correlated with other variables．W ith regard to full body proportion，that of
the francois'leaf monkeys is more similar to those of the macaque，proboscis and spider monkeys．So even if the valid information about the locomotion of francois'leaf monkeys is deficient， we speculate that，when they move in the trees and ground，locomotor pattern of the francois'leaf monkeys is similar to those of the macaque，proboscis and spider monkeys on some ways．


Select

P0PULATI0N STRUCTURE OF RHESUS M0NKEYS AT NANWAN PENINSULA 0F HAINAN ISLAND

JIANG Haisheng, LIU Zhenhe, YUAN Xicai , WANG Hansheng

1989, 9(4):  254-261. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (215KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The population structure of Rhesus monkey(Macaca mulatta)was surveyed at Nanwan Peninsula of Hainan Island by field observation from 1981 to 1987．Nanwan Natural Reserve of Rare Animals was founded in 1965．There were about 100 monkeys in five groups at that time and by the end of 1984，the population has increased almost 10 times up to about 930 animals in nineteen groups．The population growth rate is 12.7% betwen 1965 to 1984.The size of the monkey group ranges from fifteen to sixty members,similar to the groups living in the tropic or sub—trapic rain forests of Yunnan，Guangxi and Guizhou．The number of adult female rhesus mon keys decides the Dependence Ratio (D .R.) of social group，and relation between them is negative.When the male monkeys reach two of three years of age， they have to leave the natal group and become so1itary．The sexual ratio of female to male is low in infants and youths，and heigher in adults．The variance of sexual ratio in infants and youths is larger than that in adults．In this paper,the diagrammatic life table of female rhesus monkey was established．

Select

THE HERD COMPOSITIONS，NUMBERS AND DISTRIBUTION OF SICHUAN TAKIN (BUDORCAS TAXICOLOR TIBETANA)IN TANGJIAHE NATURAL RESERVE

GE Taoan, HU Jinchu , JIANG Mingdao, DENG Qitao

1989, 9(4):  262-268. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (222KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

There are 4 subspecies of takin，two subspceies，Sichuan takin and golden takin．exist onlyin our country．Little information is known about the takin in the wild．In order to protect this rare ungulate．it is necessory to study it in the wild．From July 1985，to January 1987，We studied the Sichuan takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana) in Tangjiahe Natural Reserve in the Min Mountains of Northern Sichuan Province．We gathered some new informations councerning herd compositions，population dynamics and desity as follows：
Thereare two ways for takin to live，one is in solitary(♂) ，another is in herd．Most solitary males are old ones which are thought to have lost the ability to take part in mating competition．But a few of them have the ability fox mating competition．Sometimes we can find out the takin herd when we follow the solitary males．
Herds comprise of young，subadults and adults．The herdsizes vary from 5to 130
individuals (Table 1 and 2)．By observing 51 herds of takin，we find that most herds
comprise 10 to 45 individuals (60.80% of the tota1)，and the mean herd size is 39.61(S.D:31.93)．
The herd consists of young (both Sexes，17.52±6.48% of the tota1)，subadults(both Sexes， 17.25±9.16% of the tota1) and adults (all females and a few males，65.23±12.59% of the tota1)．In the adults of the herd，the sex ratio(male to female) is about 1 to 2，this is because that some other males a solitary form small male herds．
From winter to mid—spring，about 3 to 6 herds often gather together to form a large herd called a "gathering herd" and generally comprise over 60 individuals．We saw a large gathering herd of 127 to 130 takins in spring．The herd may have gathered for the food supply and warding off the predators such as the leopard (Panthera pardus)and the Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) in Tangjaihe Natural Reserve．
As the takin have a high reproductive potential (table 1)．the population will increase rapidly in a protected area．In Tangjiahe Natural Reserve，with a area of 400
square kilometers，there are 480 to 520 takins， i,e1.2 to1.3 takins per square kilometer。Those takins are divided into 4 gathering herd ，being found in 4 different mountains area(Fig,2).area (Fig．2)．


Select

THE DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF THE EQUIDAE IN CHINA

GAO Xingyi, GU Jinghe

1989, 9(4):  269-274. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (198KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Asinus h .hemionus：It is distributed at northwestern corner of Inner Mongo1ia and Gansu as well as in an area stretching from northeast of Xinjiang to west of Zhungaer Basin，covering about 140,000 Km² = (N.4o°20′- 46°40′,E.85° 40 ′-l07°3O′ )．According to the aeria1 survey in 1982．there were 358 wild asses in the Nature Reserve of Kalameili Mt．with the density of 0.02 ass／Km²． The survey in 1986 showed that the density reached 0．03 ass／Km² ．In the last few ten years，its distribution region has
been reducing continuously with population going down rapidly．Now ，we estimate that the population is not more than 2.000 in China．
Asinus kiang:A.k.kiang is distributed in west of Tibat and theM ts.on the southern verge of Xinjiand；A.k.holdereri in Qinghai except the vally of Huangshuiriver,northwestern corner Sichuan and east of Qilian shan Mt.in Gansu,covering about 1,500,000 Km²．(N.28°30 ′-39°20′,E.75°15′ -1O3°00′ )．According to the survey
vet 1984.there were 41,962 wild asses in the Nature Reserve of Aerjin Mts.with the density of 0. 917 ass／Km^2.The range is still very wide and the population is larger about over 200,000 estimated．
Equus przewalskii：We have notseen Wild horse．though we havesurveyed it for years．OnIy a few wild horses survive possibly in the east of Beitashan Mt.,covering about 10,000 Km² (N .4 4°44 ′- 45°。l3 ′,E.91° 46 ′-03°50′ )．

Select

ANATOMY OF THE NASAL PASSAGE AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES OF NEOPHOCAENA PHOCAENOIDES

GAO Guofu , ZHOU Kaiya

1989, 9(4):  275-280. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (220KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The nasal passage and associated structures of thirteen specimens of Neophocavna phocaenoides taken from the Yellow Sea were studied．9- 10 nasal saes were renognized．They are the paired vestibular, nasofrontal,premaxillary,vomeronasal sacs and the accessory sac，the last was single in most specimens，but paired in some specimens．The vestibular sac was very large，its transversal slitlike orifice opened in the anterior wall of nasal passage．The orifices of left and right sacs were connected．The ventral wall of
the vestibular sac was thick and throw into 10— 15 transversal ridges．No anterior or posterior fold of vestibular sac was found． The anterior portion of the nasofrontal Sac was well distended．The posterior portion was vertical and opened into inferior vestibule． The prermaxillary sac was small，situated on the bulbous convexity of the pramaxilla．It seens that much air could hardly be stored in the sea． Accessory sac was very small and generally only the right one present．Neophocaena has alto a pair of vomeronasal sacs which arc vertical and behind the posterior portions of nasofrontal Sacs．The
right nasal sacs were obviously large than the left ones．There were two lip-like structures on each side of the deep part the caudal to the nasal passage- the posterior lip of the nasal passage and the septum between the vomeronasal sac and the posterior portion of the nasofrontal sac.The diagonal membrane was vestigial and no associated muscle fibers were found．So for Neophocaena at least， diagonal membrane may not play an important role in sound production．Two pairs of fatty structures,which Cranford (1986)named dorsal bursae,were found around the nasa1passage of Neophocaena .No "museau de singe "was recognized．

Select

BANDED KARYOTYPES OF THE FINLESS PORPOISE,NEOPHOCAENA PHOCAENIDES,FROM THE YANGTZE RIVER

ZHANG Xiran, CHEN Yifeng, ZHOU Kaiya

1989, 9(4):  281-284. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (117KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The present paper is the first report of banded karyotypes of the finless porpoise，neophocaena phocaenoides.The karyotypes of a female finless porpoise taken from the Yangtze River near Nanjing were studied in a fibroblast cell culture initiated from kidney by C-,G- and Ag-staining methods.The finless porpoise has a diploid number of 2n =44．Its karyotype consists of four groups(A-D)andone pair of sex chromosomes．The distribution of C-bands in the karyotype was found mainly in interstitial and terminal chromosome positions，whereas the centromeric C-bands(X and no.20) are very
faintly stained．The G-banding pattern of the finless porpoise performed in this study
is of great help for indentifying and pairing all chromosomes of the karyotype．A comparison between the G-and C-banded karyotypes reveals that the C-bands are all matched by very faintly stained G-bands;but there are no converse matches．The Ag-stained karyotypes of the finless porpoise only has oneNOR site，which is in the short arm of pair no.14．In addition，the regular changes of the NOR size in mitosis have also been observed．

Select

CHROMOSOME STUDY IN CHINESE PORCUPINE，HYSTRIS HODGSONI(RODENTIA，HYSTRICIDAE)

GUO Jianmin, WANG Jianhua, FAN Hui

1989, 9(4):  285-288. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (113KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The result of the study on chromosomes of Chinese poreupine, Hystris hodgsoni，is reported in present paper．The diploid chromosome number is 2n=66．The autosomes consist of8 meta-，16 submeta-，6 subtelo-，and 2 acrocentric pairs． NF=124．TheX is a long-sized metacentric chromosome and Y a small metacentric．From the results of chromosome bandings in Chinese porcupine，karyotypic evolution is prelim inarily discussed．

Select

TEREE NEW SUBSPECIES OF CALLOSCIURUS ERYTHRAEUS (PALLAS)

XU Weian , CHEN Fuguan

1989, 9(4):  289-302. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (372KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

This paper gives a description of three new subspecies of the Callosciurus erythraeus(Pallas),collected from the Qinling mountains in Shanxi．the Dabashan mountains and the Wulin gshan mountains in Sichuan from November 1980 to December 1986.The type specimens are deposited in the Biology Department of Northwest University in China．
1．Callosciurus erythraeus qinlingensis，subsp．nov Holotype：No．80008，an adult male，collected on 3 November,1980,from Shanyang county located in the south of the Qinling mountains in Shanxi Province，at at alt.of 620m ．
Allotype：No.80007，an adult female collected
same locality as holotype，at analt.of 610m.
Paratype：No.80001，an adult male，collected on locality as holotype，at an alt.of 610m．
Disgnosis：This new subspecies is related to C.e.styani in the size of the body and
skull，but it generally differs from C.e.styani by the following characters：1)．The ventral pelage is a greyish-white coloration，instead of being cream buff or pale ochraceous buff．2).The dorsal pelage of the tail is a greyish—olive coloration．which is paler than that of C.e．styani in brownish-yellow—olive.
2．Callosciurus erythraeus dabashanensis．subsp．nov．
Holotype：No．860023．an adult male，collected on 28 November,1986，from Wanyuan county located in the south of the Dabashan mountains in Sichuan Province．at art alt．of 650m ．
Allotype：No．860022，an adult female，collected on27 November.1986,from the same locality as holotype，at an alt．of 640m．
Paratype：No．860024，an adult male，collected on 25 November．1986，from the same locality as holotype ，at an alt．of 800m．
Diagnosis： This new subspecies is elese to C
．e．qinlingensis in the ventral pelage
lacking brownish of reddish tone，but it differs from C．e．qinlingensis by the following characters：1)．The pelage is much darker with the dorsum having a uniform obscure tawny—olive coloration and the back of the hands and feet like the dorsum in coloration．2)．The back of the ears has black hair.3)．The ventral pelage is yellowish—grey．
4)．The tail is longer than that of C.e．qinlingensis，and the terminal black region is
longer and more evident，about 30-50mm in length．
3.Callosciurus erythraeus,subsp.nov.
Holotype：No.86009，an adult male，collected on 11 December,1986,from the Qianjiang county located in the north of the wullingshan mountains in Sichuan Province，at an alt.of 68Om.
Allotype：No.86907，an adult female,collected on 13 December,1986.from the same 1ocality as holotype，at an alt．of 640m．
Palatype：No.860026,an adult male，collected on 28 Detember,1986,from the same 1ocality as holotype，at an alt.of 720m.
Diagnosis：This new subspecies is similar to C.e.castaneoventris in having a long subtermina1 white tipped hair on the posterior portion of the tail．but it differs fromC.e． castaneoventris by the following characters： 1).Dorsally it is much darker than C.e．castaneoventris in its uniform mummy-olive, coloration．2)．The head and body length is longer than the tail．3)．The back of the hands and feet is black．4)．The back of tail is more bright-colored than the dorsum,and the white region on the posterior part of the tail is abo ut one fifth of the total length of the tail but one half for C.e．castaneoventris．