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20 May 1985, Volume 5 Issue 2

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STUDY ON ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MUSK GLAND AND MUSK SECRETION

BI Shuzen¹, SHEN Yan¹, ZHU Dinxuan², ZHU Chensi², JIA Linzheng³, ZHANG Zhengmin³

1985, 5(2):  81-85. 

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In the middle stage of vigorous period of musk secretion, all the dark cells and clear cells secrete a number of special granules,the numbers of special granules respectively are 4.5 and 7.5 times as high as that in nonvigorous period, the mitochondrion and the microvilli of intercellular and intracellular tubules are abundant. In the later stage of vigorous period of musk secretion, the special granules are rare, while rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes are abundant, it hints that the secretion of protein is vigorous.There are three secretory ways of epithelial cell in musk gland: 1. Macroapocrine, 2. Microapocrine, 3. Merocrine in molecular level.The observations cf electron microscope prove: Musk gland is a special gland, that has characteristics of ordinary sweat gland and odoriferous sweat gland.

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THE INVESTIGATION AND CONTROL OF RATS AND MICE AT TAIYUAN ZOO

1985, 5(2):  86-89. 

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A PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION ON CHIROPTERA IN HUIZHOU REGION, ANHUI PROVINCE AND THEIR OVERWINTERING ECOLOGY

XU Yajun, CHENG Binggong, FANG Dean, WANG Lin

1985, 5(2):  87-93. 

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This paper deals with the bat species and their distribution in Huizhou region, Anhui Province.There are nineteen species belong to nine genera and four families, of which three are new records in this province. Their hibernation was observed, the humidity of hibernating sites,the relation between temperature and depth of the caves were under consideration .The relation between air temperature and body temperature of bats was found as a linear regression equation,Y = 0.616x+ 6.922(where x represents the air temperature,Y represents the body temperature).The respondences of bats to flashlight, sound as well as touch in hibernant period were studied.The pre-hibernation period is about one month from the first ten-days of November to the first ten-days of December. Their hibernant period is about 3—4 months.The overwintering bats in residential area demand the range of air temperature from 0 ℃ to 10℃,the humidity is 60%; the overwintering bats in caves demand the range of air temperature from 10℃ to 16℃, the humidity is 92.5—96%,The higher the cave temperature,the higher humidity is demanded by bats,

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A STUDY ON THE KARYOTYPES IN FOUR SPECIES OF BAT(RHINOLOPHUS)

ZHANG Weidao

1985, 5(2):  95-101. 

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The four species of Rhinolophus are R. rouxi sinicus, R. affinis, R. pearsoni chinensis and R. cornutus pumilus in this paper, their karyotypes were examined and described by means of bone marrow cell.The number of diploid chromosomes is 42 in R. pearsoni chinensis, which is composed of 10 pairs of metacentrics, 2 pairs of submetacentrics, 8 pairs of telocentrics. There is a medium submetacentrics X and a very small telocentric Y chromosome in its sex chromosomes.The number of diploid chromosomes is 36 in R. rouxi sinicus, which is composed of 11 pairs of metacentrics, 3 pairs of submetacentrics, 3 pairs telocentrics. There is a medium metacentic X and a small subtelocentric Y chromosome in its sex chromosomes.The number of diploid chromosomes is 62 in R. affinis, which is composed of 60 telocentrics. There is a large submetacentric X and a small subtelocentric Y chromosome in its sex chromosomes. There exists a small satellite on the short arm of the chromosome No. 13.The number of diploid chromosomes are 62 in R. cornutus pumilus,which is composed of 60 teolcentrics. There is a large submetacentric X and a subtelocentric Y chromosome in its sex chromosomes. There exists a small satellite on the short arm of the chromosome No. 14.

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PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ECOLOGY OF TROGOPTERUS XANTHIPES

WANG Fulin

1985, 5(2):  103-110. 

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The Complex-Toothed Flying Squirrel (Trogopterus xanthipes) is indigenous to China. This paper deals with its ecology as its living and habits, the changes of external morphology with ages, reproduction, growth and life-span. The observation were carried out both in field and in rearing conditions.The following results were approached.1. In January, May and August, 1981, the temperature inside the nests in cliffs was never below 10℃ in winter,and never above 26℃ in summer, the relative humidity is usually at 39-89%.2. During breeding, in a nest at house always only one squirrel, but we found two special cases:( 1 ) One family lived at the same nest-box;( 2 ) Two adult females and six young squirrels lived at the same nest -box peacefully.3. The squirrels prefer the branches of Thuja orienialis and Pinus tabulaeformis as their food.4. The first mating occurs at two years old (to be preciss, at 22 months) individuals.4-6 days after the beginning of oestrus, the external pudenda of the females change from white to damp red in colour, when the pudenda swell as large as a broad bean, the females begin to accepte mating. Pregnancy is about 78-89 days, and most of the young squirrels are born at noon or in afternoon, Litter size is 1-4,

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THE FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION AND GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS OF RODENTS IN ANHUI PROVINCE

LIU Chunsheng, LI Chuanbin, WU Wanneng, MENG Jihui

1985, 5(2):  111-118. 

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There are 28 species of rodents in Anhui Province, belong to 2 orderes,7 families and 16 genera.The fauna of rodents consist of three components: The palaearctic realm species, the oriental realm species, the widely spread species.Based on the faunal characteristics of rodents and geographical feature we propose that Anhui can be divided into 4 zoogeographical provinces as follows.1. The province of northern palain of Huaihe River, there are 10 species of rodents,among them only 1 belong to oriental realm species, 7 belong to palaearctic realm species and 2 belong to widely spread species.2. The province of hillyland between Yangtse River and Huaihe River, there are 9 species of rodents,among them 1 belong to oriental realm species, 5 belong to palaearctic realm species and 3 belong to widely spread species.3. The province of Da-bie mountains and its east district of hillyland, there are 17 species of rodents,among them 6 belong to oriental realm speci-es,3 belong to widely spread species and 8 belong to palaearctic realm species. 4. The province of southern mountains of Anhui, there are 23 species of rodents,13 belong to oriental realm species,7 belong to palaearctic realm species and the other are widely spread species.The authors suggest that the fauna of rcdents in Anhui Province belong to palaearctic and oriental realm, the south of the Yangtse River belong to oriental realm,another belong to palaearctic realm.

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STUDIES ON CHINESE CHIROPTERA WITH A COMPARISON TO JAPANESE FAUNA

WANG Sung¹, ZHENG Changlin²

1985, 5(2):  119-129. 

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China has a comparatively rich chiroptera fauna comprising 6 families, 29 genera and 90 species, contituting approximately 10% of the total number of species of the order in the world. Five families are considered as belonging to the tropical and subtropical representatives. Of the bat species of China, 20% are primarily Palaearctic, 71% primarily Oriental, and 9 % are both Palae-arctic and Oriental. Approximately 17% are endemic, their distribution being mainly confined to China.By using the formula of the index of faunistic congruence (Wallin,1969)¹), i. e., I_a,b = √P_a→b ·P_b→2, the bat faunal composition in the seven zoogeographical regions of China are compared with one another as well as the bat fauna of China as a whole, and of individual regions seperately with that of Japan.The results show that ( 1 ) the index for the bat fauna of N. -E. China Region with that of Mongolian-Xinjiang Region is 52 indicating the close relationship between the two fauna; (2) the bat fauna of Qinhai-Xizang (Tibetan) Region is quite similar to that of Mongo-Xinijiang Region (I = 59) 5 (3) the bat fauna of C. China Region is more similar to that of S. China Region than any of the other regions (I=48); (4) the index of faunistic congruence of the bat fauna of N. China Region and that of S.-W. China Region with their adjacent zoogeographical regions show that these two regions constitute the transition of the bat fauna from "southern" (Oriental) to "northern" (Palaearctic) Realms;(5) the index of bat faunistic congruence of China with that of Japan is 41,while among the Chinese Zoo-geographical Regions, the bat fauna of N.-E. China Region is most similar to that of Japan, having an index of congruence of 52, higher than that of any other regions. This figure shows the close affinity of the bat faunas of N.-E. China and Japan.

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A NEW SUBSPECIES OF EDWARDS'RAT FROM HAINAN ISLAND, CHINA

XU Longhui, YU Simian

1985, 5(2):  131-135. 

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This paper reports a new subspecies of Edwards'rat (Rattus edwardsi hainanensis, subsp. nov. ) from Hainan Island, China.Holotype: No. 0627, female, adult, collected on August 6, 1964, from Bawangling, Hainan Island.Paratypes: No.0124, Male, adult, collected on January 4, 1963, from Diaoluoshan, Hainan Island; No. 0421, 0422, all collected from Bawangling, Hainan Island.Type specimens are deposited in the Guangdong Institute of Entomology.Diagnosis. The bodily form is smaller than other subspecies, the range of the weights is 175-385g (average 287.14g) . The color of the dorsal hair is more ochreous than that of other two subspecies in China. The incisive foramina is shorter and tympanic bulla is smaller than that of R.e.edwardsi; The skull is shorter than that of R.e. gigas.This subspecies differs from R.e. ciliatus and R.e. setiger in color of their tails; the tail of new subspecies is pale below, while in the latter two subspecies the tails all are dark above and below.Comparison of C.D. with respect to externals and skull between the new subspecies and other two subspecies of the Edwards'rat are shown in the Table 4 .Specimens examined :R.e. hainanensis, subsp. nov., 6, 2, Baw-angling, Diaoluoshan, Limuling, Hainan Island. R.e.edwardsi 12, 17, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi; R.e.gigas 3, 3, Sichuan.

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A NEW SUBSPECIES OF CRICETULUS TRITON FROM SHAANXI, CHINA

SONG Shiying

1985, 5(2):  137-139. 

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This paper deals with a new subspecies of Cricetulus triton collected from Shaanxi Province during 1965 to 1983. The type specimens are deposited at the Institute of Zoology Shaanxi Province.It may be described as follows!Cricetulus triton ningshaanensis,subsp.nov.Holotype: No.650646,1 female,collected on July 30,1966,from Ningshaan district(alt. 1050m), Shaanxi.Allotype:No.660271,1 male,collected on September 25,1966,from Zhashui district( alt. 1100m), Shaanxi.Paratype: l0♂♂,7♀♀, 5 juvenilities,collected from Shaannan,Foping, Luiba etc.,Southern Shaanxi.These specimens are also deposited in the Institute of Zoology,Shaanxi.Diagnosis: The tail is longer, it is about 66% of the body length. The base of tail is dark grey-brown in colour, the tip of tail is pure white and the length of the white part of the tail is 34-52m.Remark: According to specimens examined, the tip of tail of 30% individuals of C. t. incanus and C.t.collinus are white cnly 3-10mm. So the length of the white part of the tip of tail is the main identification character to the new subspecies.Distribution: New subspecies are distributed in the southern slope (alt. 1050-1380m)of Tsingling Mountains,Shaanxi.

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STUDY ON THE DIVISION OF AGE GROUP AND THE AGE COMPOSITION OF POPULATION OF STRIPED HAMSTER IN BEIJING AREA

CHANG Jie

1985, 5(2):  141-150. 

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The population ecology of the striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis) had been studied by the author from Sep. 1982 to Aug. 1984. This article presents the results of the study with respect to the division of the age group, the age composition of population and the seasonal change.With the body weight of taking out all the viscera as a major indicator and the morphological characters or the skull and reproduction as reference, the striped hamsters were divided into 5 age groups.The result has shown there is seasonal changes in population age composition.The proportions of the juvenile and the adult of the striped hamster in the age composition for the whole year of 1983 were a rather typical, that the population was fundamentally stable.

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THE ELECTROPHORESIS COMPARISON OF SERUM PROTEIN AND LDH ISOENZYME IN 5 CARNIVORA ANIMALS—GIANT PANDA, RED PANDA, ASIATIC BLACK BEAR,CAT AND DOG

FENG Wenhe¹, LUO Changrong¹, YE Zhiyong², ZHANG Anju², HE Guangxin²

1985, 5(2):  151-155. 

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This paper deals with the closeness of some related species to giant panda by means of polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis.There are altogether 5 Carnivora animals in this study, they are the giant panda, red panda, asiatic black bear, cat and dog. The giant panda, red panda and asiatic black bear are from Chengdu Zoo, and the cat and dog are from feed lot of department of biology in Sichuan university.Sarich(1973) and Pan Wenshi et al. (1982) reported that the giant panda had been closer relative with asiatic black bear than with red panda, but our studies shown that the giant panda is closer relative with red panda than with asiatic black bear.The numbers of zone of surum protein in giant panda, red panda, asiatic blact bear,cat and dog are 15,14,17,13 and 12 separately.The disparity in zone number between giant panda and red panda is 1, between giant panda and asiatic black bear is 2.