基于微卫星标记的江西桃红岭梅花鹿遗传多样性

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150803

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 梅花鹿 (Cervus nippon) 为国家一级重点保护野生动物，江西桃红岭梅花鹿华东亚种 (华南梅花鹿，C. n.kopschi) 是我国现存最大的梅花鹿种群。研究桃红岭梅花鹿遗传多样性，并阐明其遗传本底状况，对于提升华南梅花鹿遗传多样性水平和促进种群快速发展具有重要意义。本研究在桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区共采集疑似梅花鹿粪便样品 108 份。首先基于线粒体 Cyt b 基因扩增测序进行物种鉴定，并利用微卫星标记和 SRY/ZFX 性别标记对梅花鹿样品进行个体识别、遗传多样性分析和性别鉴定。结果表明，108 份样品中有 96 份梅花鹿粪便样品，来源于 63 只不同个体，且雌雄性比为 1. 33∶1。7 个微卫星位点的平均等位基因数、观测杂合度、期望杂合度和近交系数分别为 3. 714、0. 712、0. 602 和-0. 087，其中 3 个位点显著偏离 Hardy-Weinberg 平衡，均表现为杂合子过剩。本研究结果表明，桃红岭梅花鹿种群的遗传多样性处于中等水平，且存在一定程度的性比失衡，近交系数为负值表明其种群暂无近交风险。建议积极推进桃红岭梅花鹿人工繁育，加强对稀有等位基因的保护与管理，并适时采取个体迁移等手段促进桃红岭梅花鹿与其他梅花鹿种群的基因交流，以提升其种群遗传多样性水平和促进种群快速发展。

关键词: 梅花鹿, 微卫星, 个体识别, 遗传多样性, 性别比例

Abstract: Sika deer (Cervus nippon) is a ClassⅠkey protected wild animal in China. The Jiangxi Taohongling sika deer represents the largest population of South China sika deer (C. n. kopschi). Studying the genetic diversity of Taohongling sika deer and understanding its genetic background is crucial for enhancing the genetic diversity of sika deer in South China and promoting the population’s rapid development. This study collected a total of 108 suspected sika deer fecal samples from the Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve. Mitochondrial Cyt b gene amplification sequencing was used for species identification, while microsatellite markers and SRY/ZFX sex markers were employed for individual identification, genetic diversity analysis, and sex determination. The results showed that 96 out of the 108 samples were produced by 63 individual sika deer, resulting in a sex ratio of 1. 33 males to 1 female. The average number of alleles, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient of the 7 microsatellite loci were 3. 714, 0. 712, 0. 602, and -0. 087, respectively. Three loci significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and all showed heterozygote excess. These findings suggest that the genetic diversity of Taohongling sika deer is moderate, with a certain degree of sexual imbalance. Furthermore, a negative inbreeding coefficient indicates that there is no current risk of inbreeding in the population. To improve the conservation and management of rare alleles, it is advisable to implement artificial breeding programs for the Taohongling sika deer. Additionally, measures such as promoting individual migration should be implemented to facilitate genetic exchange between the Taohongling sika deer and other South China sika deer populations. This will help maintain their population genetic diversity and promote rapid development.

Key words: Sika deer, Microsatellite, Individual identification, Genetic diversity, Sex ratio

中图分类号:

Q346

张阳, 陈璐瑶, 韩卫杰, 詹建文, 刘武华, 黄晓凤. 基于微卫星标记的江西桃红岭梅花鹿遗传多样性[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(3): 268-276.

ZHANG Yang, CHEN Luyao, HAN Weijie, ZHAN Jianwen, LIU Wuhua, HUANG Xiaofeng. Genetic diversity of sika deer based on microsatellite in Taohongling, Jiangxi[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 44(3): 268-276.

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