关键词: 狍, 生境适宜性, 最大熵模型, 环境因子, 燕山山脉

Abstract: Habitat suitability assessment can explore the suitable space and habitat quality for species from a macro perspective. Assessing the environmental factors affecting species distribution and predicting suitable habitats are crucial for effective species conservation and habitat management. Understanding the habitat suitability of Capreolus pygargus is not only beneficial to the understanding and conservation of this species, but also helpful to explore the potential population of sympatric animals. In this study, 114 valid sites of Capreolus pygargus were recorded by infrared camera method in the eastern Yanshan Mountains in 2018, 2022 and 2023, and the habitat suitability of this species in the area was evaluated using MaxEnt model. The results showed that the total suitable habitat area of this species was 8 523 km², accounting for 14. 59% of the total study area. Highly suitable habitats accounted for 1. 83%, mainly distributed in the central and eastern parts of the country. Medium suitable and low suitable habitats accounted for 3. 78% and 9. 00%, respectively, and were mainly located in the surrounding area of high suitable habitats. Temperature annual range, maximum temperature of warmest month and vegetation type were the main environmental variables affecting the habitat suitability of Capreolus pygargus in the eastern Yanshan Mountains, while precipitation of the wettest month and altitude had relatively little effect. Capreolus pygargus preferred environments with temperature annual range between 39.4-44.0°C, maximum temperature of warmest month between 22.7 °C and 27.7 °C, precipitation in the wettest month exceeds 155. 8 mm, and about 775. 7 m above sea level in the eastern Yanshan Mountains. Common vegetation types in temperate zones such as broadleaved forest, coniferous forest, and shrubland were suitable for Capreolus pygargus. This study clarified the distribution and key environmental influencing factors of suitable habitat for Capreolus pygargus in the eastern Yanshan Mountains, filled the gap in the study of the habitat of wild Capreolus pygargus in this area, and provided a theoretical basis for animal protection and habitat management in the future.

Key words: Capreolus pygargus, Habitat suitability, MaxEnt, Environmental variable, Yanshan Mountains range