浙江遂昌地区同域分布猪獾与花面狸时空生态位比较

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150840

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 猪獾 (Arctonyx collaris) 与花面狸 (Paguma larvata) 是浙江遂昌山地小型食肉兽中的优势物种，具有相似的食性和环境选择。为探明同域分布的猪獾与花面狸的共存机制，于 2020 年 6 月至 2022 年 6 月，在浙江省遂昌县5 个样区 (白马山、千佛山、九龙山、牛头山和湖山) 进行红外相机监测，选取相机布设位点 71 个，布设 123 台红外相机，总有效工作日 19 654 个，独立有效事件 2 184 次，使用物种分布模型和日活动节律模型对该地区的猪獾与花面狸的时空生态位进行分析。结果表明：(1) 两者为当地中级捕食者中的优势物种，但猪獾 (RAI = 9. 26) 的相对多度指数高于花面狸 (RAI = 3. 96)；(2) 两者对于生境选择具有较高相似性，空间生态位上的重叠系数为：D = 0. 783，I = 0. 960；(3) 两者昼夜活动差异极显著 (P < 0. 01)，猪獾昼夜均有活动，花面狸主要在夜间活动。猪獾与花面狸在空间生态位上存在较大程度重叠，但在时间生态位上存在较大程度分化，表明两者之间倾向于通过反应性策略共存。本研究结果初步揭示了猪獾与花面狸的时空生态位特征与共存机制，为深入理解同域中级捕食者种间关系及区域内生物多样性的保护提供实例和理论参考。

关键词: 猪獾, 花面狸, 生态位, 种间关系, 日活动节律

Abstract: The hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) and the masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) are dominant species among small carnivores in the mountainous areas of Suichang, Zhejiang, with similar feeding habits and environmental niches. In order to explore the mechanism by which hog badger and masked palm civet coexist in the same region, we conducted infrared camera monitoring in five sample areas (Baima Mountain, Qianfo Mountain, Jiulong Mountain, Niutou Mountain, and Hushan) of Suichang County, Zhejiang Province from June 2020 to June 2022. 71 camera deployment sites were selected and a total of 123 infrared cameras were used, resulting in a total of 19 654 effective working days and 2 184 independent effective events. We build species distribution models and daily activity rhythm models to analyze the spatiotemporal niches of hog badger and masked palm civet in the region. The results showed that both species were dominant among the local intermediate predators, but the relative abundance index (RAI) of hog badgers (9. 26) was higher than that of masked palm civets (3. 96). Both species exhibited high similarity in habitat selection, with an overlap coefficient of 0. 783 and an index of 0. 960 in spatial niche. There was a significant difference in diurnal activity between the two species (P < 0. 01), with hog badgers being active both during the day and night, while masked palm civets were mainly active at night. There was a significant overlap in spatial niche between hog badgers and masked palm civets, but a considerable differentiation in temporal niche, indicating a tendency for coexistence through reactive strategies between the two species. This study provides preliminary insights into the spatio-temporal niche characteristics and coexistence mechanisms of hog badgers and masked palm civets and serves as an example and theoretical reference for understanding interspecific relationships and biodiversity conservation of coexisting intermediate predators in the same region.

Key words: Arctonyx collaris, Paguma larvata, Ecological niche, Interspecies relation, Daily activity rhythm

中图分类号:

Q958.1

赵家乐, 龚笑飞, 潘江炎, 李悦, 温作豪, 叶毅, 高建明, 赵阿勇, 林植华. 浙江遂昌地区同域分布猪獾与花面狸时空生态位比较[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(3): 297-308.

ZHAO Jiale, GONG Xiaofei, PAN Jiangyan, LI Yue, WEN Zuohao, YE Yi, GAO Jianming, ZHAO Ayong, LIN Zhihua. Comparative study on the spatial and temporal niche of the same domain distribution of Arctonyx collaris and Paguma larvata in Suichang, Zhejiang Province[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 44(3): 297-308.

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