浙江丘陵林业生产区野猪的分布状况及其影响因素

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150850

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 野猪(Sus scrofa)是一种分布极为广泛的物种，目前浙江丘陵林业生产区内野猪与人冲突愈加剧烈，但对本地区野猪分布的情况研究甚少。为了解林业生产同野猪分布之间的关系，本研究以浙江西部丘陵地区的常山县(109 900 hm2)为研究区域，利用红外相机调查了2022年林业作物非收获季(1—8月及12月)和收获季(9—11月)野猪的数量和分布情况。通过50个有效相机点位，在共计12 738个有效相机工作日中，获得了15 634张独立有效照片，并利用物种关联尺度、核密度估计法和负二项回归模型分析了同域其他动物、人类活动及环境条件对野猪的分布和活动规律的影响。结果表明：林业作物非收获季到收获季，野猪分布频度由0.26上升至0.55，野猪与其他物种的分布重叠区域减少，有6种中小型兽类和鸟类在调查区域内的分布频度减小。相比于非收获季，野猪在收获季12:00—17:00的活动频率减少，19:00—24:00的活动频率增加。负二项回归模型分析表明，影响野猪分布差异的环境因素主要包括灌丛盖度、坡度、距公路距离3个因素。本研究结果表明，浙江丘陵林业生产区内中野猪的分布主要受林业生产活动的显著影响，该结果为研究野猪栖息地选择及制定野猪相关管理办法提供理论依据。

关键词: 野猪, 核密度估计法, 负二项回归模型, 林业生产活动, 分布影响因素

Abstract: The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a widely distributed species but its distribution in the Zhejiang Province has been little investigated. Conflicts between wild boars and people in the forestry production area of Zhejiang hilly area have become increasingly intense in the past years. In this study, we explored the relationship between forestry production and wild boars in Changshan County (109 900 hm2), in the hilly areas of western Zhejiang Province. Infrared cameras were used to investigate the abundance and distribution of wild boars in the non-harvest (January-August and December) and harvest (September-November) seasons of forestry crops in 2022. 15 634 independent photographs were obtained from a total of 12 738 camera working days using 50 camera sites. We also analyzed the effects of other animals, human activities, and environmental factors on the distribution and activity patterns of wild boars using species association scales, kernel density estimation, and generalized linear models. From the non-harvest to the harvest season of forestry crops, we found that the distribution frequency of wild boars increased from 0. 26 to 0. 55, the distribution overlap area between wild boar and other species decreased, and the distribution frequency of 13 species of small and medium-sized birds and mammals decreased in the surveyed area. Compared to the non-harvest season, the daily activities of wild boars in the harvest season reduced in the 12: 00-17: 00 period and increased in the 19: 00-24: 00 period. Negative binomial regression analysis indicated that the environmental factors affecting the distribution of wild boars mainly included three variables: shrub cover, slope, and distance from the roads. Our findings indicated that the distribution of wild boar in the hilly forestry production areas of Zhejiang Province was mainly influenced by forestry production activities. The results provide an important theoretical basis for investigating wild boar habitat selection and the development of wild boar-related management methods.

Key words: Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Kernel density estimation method, Generalized linear model, Forestry production, Distribution influencing factors

中图分类号:

Q958.1

杜世平, 吴怡豪, 鲁庆斌, 马铭泽, 董爽, 方茹意, 苏秀. 浙江丘陵林业生产区野猪的分布状况及其影响因素[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(4): 466-477.

DU Shiping, WU Yihao, LU Qingbin, MA Mingze, DONG Shuang, FANG Ruyi, SU Xiu. Distribution of wild boar and its influencing factors in the hilly forest production areas of Zhejiang Province[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 44(4): 466-477.

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