兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 390-403.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151050

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖北大老岭国家级自然保护区毛冠鹿冬季食物资源种类、丰富度及营养特征研究

齐一轩1, 王翔俊2, 黎经锦1, 林友兴1, 彭刚志2(), 王传华1()   

  1. 1.三峡大学生物与制药学院,宜昌 443002
    2.宜昌三峡大老岭自然保护区管理局,宜昌 443000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-03 接受日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2026-05-30 发布日期:2026-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 彭刚志,王传华
  • 作者简介:齐一轩(1999- ),女,硕士研究生,主要从事野生动物保护研究;
    王翔俊(1976- ),女,本科,主要从事林业生态保护.
    第一联系人: 共同第一作者

Species composition, abundance, and nutritional traits of the winter food plant foraged by tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) in the Hubei Dalaoling National Nature Reserve, China

Yixuan QI1, Xiangjun WANG2, Jingjin LI1, Youxing LIN1, Gangzhi PENG2(), Chuanhua WANG1()   

  1. 1.College of Biology and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
    2.Dalaoling Nature Reserve Administration Bureau in Yichang Three Gorges, Yichang 443000, China
  • Received:2025-01-03 Accepted:2025-04-16 Online:2026-05-30 Published:2026-06-04
  • Contact: Gangzhi PENG, Chuanhua WANG

摘要:

冬季食物供应对栖居于高海拔地区(含中‑亚热带高海拔)的野生动物种群的维持至关重要。为了研究保护动物毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)的冬季食源植物及其营养特性,于2023年11月至次年3月,利用粪便显微分析法和野外样方法,调查研究了毛冠鹿越冬期的食物组成、营养特征及其海拔分布特点。结果表明:(1)毛冠鹿越冬期共取食13科16种植物,其中苔草(Carex spp.)(31.78%)、湖北双蝴蝶(Tripterospermum discoideum)(10.02%)、暗鳞鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris atrata)(8.16%)和宜昌荚蒾(Viburnum erosum)(8.14%)是毛冠鹿越冬期的主要食物;(2)在海拔梯度1 400 ~ 1 700 m,毛冠鹿越冬期食源植物单位面积供应总量达11.55 g/m2,且各营养成分含量都高于其他海拔梯度,是最适宜觅食的海拔区域;(3)在栎林中,毛冠鹿越冬期食源植物单位面积生物量达10.75 g/m2,显著高于其他林型,是毛冠鹿最适宜生存和觅食的场所;(4)毛冠鹿越冬期食源植物的采食频率与植物中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗灰分含量呈正相关(R分别为0.74、0.56、0.29和0.67),但与单宁含量呈负相关(R = -0.65)。本研究结果有助于进一步了解我国毛冠鹿取食特性,可为基于越冬期食物组成的毛冠鹿栖息地质量评价及管理提供基础数据,在鲸偶蹄目动物保护领域也具有重要的参考价值。

关键词: 毛冠鹿, 越冬期, 食源植物供应, 营养特征, 大老岭国家级自然保护区

Abstract:

Winter food availability is critical to the maintenance of wildlife populations that are habituated to high elevations, including high meso-subtropical altitudinal zones. From November 2023 to March 2024, fecal microscopic analysis and field quadrat survey were utilized to analyze the dietary composition and nutritional characteristics of the tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) during the wintering period. We found that, during the wintering period, the tufted deer fed on 16 plant species belonging to 13 families. Among them, Carex spp.(31.78%), Tripterospermum discoideum (10.02%), Dryopteris atrata (8.16%) and Viburnum erosum (8.14%) were identified as the principal forage species for the tufted deer during winter. In the altitudinal gradient range of 1 400 - 1 700 m, the total supply amount of food source plants for the tufted deer during the wintering period reached 11.55 g/m². Moreover, the nutrient content was higher than in other altitude gradients, suggesting that this altitude band represents the most optimal foraging zone. In the oak forest, the total reserve of food source plants for the tufted deer during the wintering period amounted to 552.92 t, and the unit area biomass was 10.75 g/m², which was substantially higher compared to other forest types. This suggests that oak forest is the most suitable habitat for the tufted deer’s residence and foraging activities. The feeding frequency of the tufted deer on food source plants during the wintering period was positively correlated with the contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and crude ash in the plants(with correlation coefficients of 0.74, 0.56, 0.29 and 0.67, respectively), while demonstrating a negative correlation with the tannin content(R = -0.65). These findings can help to understand the feeding characteristics of the tufted deer in China. Our study provides crucial data for the evaluation of habitat quality and management of the tufted deer based on the composition of the food during the overwintering period,which also have important reference value in the field of Cetartiodactyla conservation.

Key words: Tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus), Overwintering period, Food source plant supply, Nutritional characteristics, Dalaoling National Nature Reserve

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