大熊猫是我国保护最为成功、研究最为深入的珍稀动物之一，可以为其它珍稀濒危物种的保护研究工作提供参考。20世纪70年代末期借助无线电颈圈，大熊猫的生态学研究工作取得了突破性进展，近20年来微卫星标记和非损伤性遗传取样技术的联合使用，将大熊猫的保护研究工作提升到一个崭新的高度。本文在综合所有已发表大熊猫微卫星标记的基础上，梳理了微卫星标记在圈养大熊猫亲子鉴定与遗传管理，野生大熊猫个体识别与种群数量调查、遗传多样性评估、扩散和种群遗传结构研究中的应用情况，并着重介绍了其中29个重要的微卫星标记。同时指出目前微卫星标记的使用存在标记选择不统一、等位基因读数无统一规程等问题，并对应用前景进行了前瞻。

Among the rare animals in China, giant panda is one of the most successfully protected and studied species. In the late 1970s, with the help of radio collar, a breakthrough has been made in the ecological research of giant panda. In the past two decades, non-invasive genetic sampling technique, combining DNA profiling harnessing microsatellites achieved a great progress in the giant panda research. This paper reviews the application of giant panda microsatellite markers in paternity testing and breeding genetic optimization of captive population; in individual identification, population survey, genetic diversity assessment, population diffusion and genetic structure of the wild giant panda as well. In addition, 29 important markers were highlighted. In the end, the issue of standardization of giant panda microsatellite markers is addressed. Meanwhile, future research directions are suggested.