环境因素在物种进化和遗传变异过程中起着非常重要的作用。为探讨新疆鹅喉羚遗传多样性与环境因子的关系，本研究采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和直接测序的方法，测定了新疆鹅喉羚11个群体84份样本的线粒体DNA Cyt b基因（1140 bp）和D-loop区（1100 bp）序列，分析各群体遗传多样性及环境因子对遗传多样性的影响。结果显示新疆鹅喉羚具有较高的单倍型多样性，较低的核苷酸多样性，表明其遗传多样性处于较低水平。环境因子与群体遗传多样性的相关性分析结果表明，海拔、年均降水量、年均气温、人口数量是影响新疆鹅喉羚遗传多样性的主要环境因子，其中海拔是最关键的环境因子。本研究结论为新疆鹅喉羚群体有效合理的保护与管理提供理论依据。

Environmental factors play an important role in the evolution and genetic variation of species. To clarify the relationship between genetic diversity and environmental factors of Gazella subgutturosa in Xinjiang, in this study the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) and control region (1100 bp) sequences of Gazella subgutturosa were analysed from 84 individuals in 11 populations from across the species’natural range within Xinjiang by using PCR and direct sequencing methods. The results showed that the Gazella subgutturosa population in Xinjiang seems to show high haplotype but low nucleotide diversity, these results indicated that the Gazella subgutturosa investigated in this study exhibited low levels of genetic diversity. The results revealed by the analysis of correlation between environmental factors and the genetic diversity of various groups showed that altitude, annual precipitation, annual temperature, population are the main environmental factors affecting the genetic diversity of Gazella subgutturosa in Xinjiang, among which altitude is the key environmental factor. Our results provide a theoretical basis for effective protection and management of Gazella subguttrosa in Xinjiang.