本文利用13对微卫星标记，对我国3个核心种源地（巴山、秦岭、川西高原）圈养林麝种群进行遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。在167份样品中共检测到142个等位基因（Na），每个位点等位基因数介于7~16，均值为10.92，平均有效等位基因数（Ne）为6.3730，期望杂合度（He）和观测杂合度（Ho）均值分别为0.8302和0.3897。这些圈养林麝种群遗传多样性水平较高，但较低的观测杂合度表明圈养群体存在近交现象。两两群体间的Fst 值和AMOVA分析结果均表明种群之间分化程度不明显。群体遗传结构分析显示，全部样本聚为3个遗传簇（最佳K值=3），其主体与3个地理来源相符，但种群间存在基因渗透现象。本研究中的秦岭种群遗传变异最为丰富，可以作为种质改良的基因池。

The genetic diversity and genetic structure of captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) were investigated using 13 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers in three core provenances (Bashan, Qinling, and Western Sichuan Plateau). A total of 142 alleles were detected in 167 individuals, and there were 10.92 alleles and 6.373 effective alleles per locus in average. The observed heterozygosity（He）and expected heterozygosity（Ho）were 0.8302 and 0.3897, respectively. The above three populations exhibited relatively high levels of genetic diversity, but still existed the inbreeding phenomenon according to lower observed heterozygosity. It suggested that no significant genetic differentiation existed among populations by the Pairwise Fst and AMOVA analysis. Moreover, these individuals were clustered to three categories by structure analysis (the best K value = 3), which were consistent with their geographical origins, although there were small fractions of introgression among the populations. In conclusion, the Qinling population may be used as a gene pool for idioplasmic improvement due to its high genetic diversity.