研究论文

同域分布鼬獾和食蟹獴活动节律的比较

  • 姚维 ,
  • 汪国海 ,
  • 林建忠 ,
  • 龙继凤 ,
  • 李佳琦 ,
  • 周岐海
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  • 1 珍稀濒危动植物生态和环境保护教育部重点实验室, 广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室, 广西师范大学生命科学学院, 桂林 541004;
    2 广西弄岗国家级自然保护区, 崇左 532400;
    3 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042
姚维(1994-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事野生动物生态与保护研究.

收稿日期: 2020-02-19

  网络出版日期: 2021-04-02

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(31870514,31670400);广西自然科学基金项目(2019GXNSFDA245021);生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测与评估项目;广西研究生教育创新计划项目(XYCSZ2020057)

Comparison of activity rhythms of sympatric Chinese ferret-badger(Melogale moschata) and crab-eating mongoose(Herpestes urva)

  • YAO Wei ,
  • WANG Guohai ,
  • LIN Jianzhong ,
  • LONG Jifeng ,
  • LI Jiaqi ,
  • ZHOU Qihai
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  • 1 Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China;
    2 Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Chongzuo 532400, China;
    3 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China

Received date: 2020-02-19

  Online published: 2021-04-02

摘要

为探明同域分布的鼬獾(Melogale moschata)和食蟹獴(Herpestes urva)的日活动节律、时间生态位及其两者共存机制,于2016年12月至2017年12月,在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区开展红外相机监测获取数据,后采用核密度估计(Kernel density estimation)和重叠指数(Coefficient of overlap)对该地区的鼬獾和食蟹獴进行了研究。结果表明:鼬獾属于典型的夜行性动物,其日活动模式为双峰型,活动峰值出现在01:00—05:00和21:00—24:00;与雨季相比,旱季的活动峰值均提前1 h,活动高峰期延长3 h。食蟹獴为典型昼行性动物,其日活动模式为单峰型,活动峰值出现在11:00—18:00,与雨季相比,旱季活动高峰期提前并延长1 h。两者间的日活动模式重叠指数较低(Δ=0.17),但旱季(Δ=0.22)高于雨季(Δ=0.12)。两者主要通过改变时间生态位来避免对食物资源和领域的竞争,从而实现共存。

本文引用格式

姚维 , 汪国海 , 林建忠 , 龙继凤 , 李佳琦 , 周岐海 . 同域分布鼬獾和食蟹獴活动节律的比较[J]. 兽类学报, 2021 , 41(2) : 128 -135 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150382

Abstract

Understanding wildlife activity and temporal niche partitioning is fundamental in revealing mechanisms of niche partitioning among sympatric species as well as species coexistence and community composition.Based on images collected by infrared camera traps in Nonggang National Nature Reserve between December 2016 and December 2017,we examined differences in daily activity patterns between two sympatric carnivores,the Chinese ferret-badger(Melogale moschata) and crab-eating mongoose(Herpestes urva),by kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap to explore the time niche differentiation.The results showed that the Chinese ferret-badger was a typical nocturnal animal with two peaks in daily activity(01:00-05:00 and 21:00-24:00).The peak of ferret-badger activity during the dry season was earlier and was three hours longer in duration compared with during the rainy season.The crab-eating mongoose was strictly diurnal with a single activity peak(11:00-18:00).Compared to during the rainy season,the dry season activity peak for mongooses occurred earlier and was also longer in duration.The daily activity patterns of both species showed marked difference between seasons.The overlap index between the Chinese ferret-badgers and crab-eating mongooses during the research period was lower(Δ=0.17),and was higher in the dry season(Δ=0.22) than that in the rainy season(Δ=0.12).Therefore,we conclude that sympatric Chinese ferret-badgers and crab-eating mongooses likely decrease interspecific competition by time niche differentiation so as to coexist.

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