野生藏酋猴冬季食物组成及营养成分

刘超; 李文博; 李博文; 杨佩佩; 夏东坡; 李进华

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150551

兽类学报 >

2021 , Vol. 41 >Issue 6: 649 - 657

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150551

研究论文

野生藏酋猴冬季食物组成及营养成分

刘超 ,
李文博 ,
李博文 ,
杨佩佩 ,
夏东坡 ,
李进华

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1 安徽大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230601;
2 黄山生物多样性与短尾猴行为生态学国际联合研究中心, 合肥 230601;
3 安徽大学生命科学学院, 合肥 230601;
4 合肥师范学院, 合肥 230601

刘超(1995-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事灵长类营养生态学研究.

收稿日期: 2021-04-09

修回日期: 2021-05-24

网络出版日期: 2021-08-04

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（31971404）；安徽省国际科技合作基地项目（2017R0111）

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Food composition and nutrients of wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) in winter

LIU Chao ,
LI Wenbo ,
LI Bowen ,
YANG Peipei ,
XIA Dongpo ,
LI Jinhua

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1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;
2 International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei 230601, China;
3 School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;
4 Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China

Received date: 2021-04-09

Revised date: 2021-05-24

Online published: 2021-08-04

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摘要

觅食是获取营养物质和能量的重要途经。对于栖息在四季分明地区的灵长类动物而言，低温以及食物资源相对匮乏的冬季是其生存和生长发育的瓶颈期。本研究以安徽黄山的野生藏酋猴（Macaca thibetana）天湖山群为对象，于2019年11月至2020年1月采用瞬时扫描取样法（Instantaneous scan sampling）采集猴群觅食行为数据，并分析其冬季食物组成及食物中各化学成分含量对取食的影响。结果显示，野生藏酋猴在冬季共取食23科31属34种植物，主要包括壳斗科（Fagaceae，21.62%）、樟科（Lauraceae，17.57%）、蔷薇科（Rosaceae，8.11%）的植物，取食部位以叶片（66.22%）和果实（种子）（24.32%）为主。不同取食部位的水分、总糖、淀粉、脂肪、单宁等成分存在显著差异。其中，叶片的水分含量高于果实（种子）、茎和芽，茎和果实（种子）含有较高的总糖，果实（种子）的淀粉和脂肪含量最高，芽的单宁含量最高。此外，取食植物中的总糖含量高于非取食植物。结果表明，野生藏酋猴适应寒冷冬季与食物匮乏的觅食策略是对植物种类、植物部位及其主要营养成分的综合结果。

关键词： 冬季; 食物组成; 化学成分; 野生藏酋猴; 觅食策略

本文引用格式

刘超 , 李文博 , 李博文 , 杨佩佩 , 夏东坡 , 李进华 . 野生藏酋猴冬季食物组成及营养成分[J]. 兽类学报, 2021 , 41(6) : 649 -657 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150551

Abstract

Foraging is an important way to obtain nutrients and energy. Low temperature and relatively scarce food resources in winter are the bottleneck period for primates survival and growth. In order to explore food composition and the influence of chemical components on feeding of wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Huangshan in winter. We collected from November 2019 to January 2020 foraging data of monkeys using instantaneous scan sampling method and analyzed the chemical constituents of plant samples. The results showed that the wild Tibetan macaques fed on 34 plant species of 23 families during the winter. Fagaceae (21. 62%), Lauraceae (17. 57%) and Rosaceae (8. 11%) were the main consumed families, Feeding parts were dominated by leaves (66. 22%) and fruits/seeds (24. 32%). There were significant differences in water, total sugar, starch, fat and tannin content among different feeding parts. The water content in leaves was higher than in fruits/seeds, stems and buds. Stems and fruits/seeds contained higher total sugar. The starch and fat content in fruits/seeds and the tannin content in buds were the highest. We also found that the wild Tibetan macaques tended to feed on plants with higher total sugar content in winter. Our research indicated that the foraging strategy of wild Tibetan macaques adapted to cold winter and food scarcity is a comprehensive result of plant species, plant parts and their main nutrients.

Key words： Winter; Food compositions; Chemical component; Wild Tibetan macaques; Foraging strategy

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