巢鼠属（Micromys Dehne，1841）隶属于啮齿目（Rodentia）鼠科（Muridae），是最小的啮齿动物之一。此前的研究显示该属包含巢鼠（M.minutus）和红耳巢鼠（M.erythrotis）两个物种，但由于数据缺乏，红耳巢鼠的有效种地位仍存争议，且两个物种在中国的地理分布也不确定。本研究在安徽清凉峰国家级自然保护区采集到一批巢鼠属标本，经形态与分子学鉴定发现其包含巢鼠和红耳巢鼠两个物种，它们在清凉峰海拔1 600 m处同域分布，支持红耳巢鼠的有效种地位。基于安徽清凉峰巢鼠和红耳巢鼠的外形特点，本文对国家动物标本资源库的巢鼠属照片进行了分析，并结合相关文献资料，对中国巢鼠属的地理分布进行了整理，同时绘制了地理分布图。结果显示：在我国巢鼠主要分布在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、陕西、甘肃、新疆、江苏、安徽、浙江、湖南、江西、广东、福建、台湾；红耳巢鼠主要分布在云南、四川、陕西、湖北、西藏、贵州、重庆、安徽、福建、广西；两者在安徽清凉峰和陕西镇巴县、城固县皆有分布。此外，分子系统学分析显示，我国巢鼠属多样性仍被低估，极有可能存在未知的分类单元，巢鼠属的分类研究工作仍需加强。
裴枭鑫
,
曲潍滢
,
张敏
,
邵江山
,
方磊
,
陈中正
. 中国巢鼠属分类与分布的讨论[J]. 兽类学报, 2021
, 41(6)
: 631
-640
.
DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150554
Micromys Dehne, 1841 is part of the Muridae family and is one of the smallest rodents. Previous studies have shown that the genus consists of two species, M. minutus and M. erythrotis. However, due to the lack of data, the species status of M. erythrotis is still controversial, and the geographical distribution of the two species in China is uncertain. In this study, a number of specimens of the genus Micromys were recently collected from Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve in Anhui Province. They were identified as M. minutus and M. erythrotis based on morphology and molecular analyses. Both species occur in sympatry at altitude 1 600 m in Qingliangfeng. Our findings therefore support the species status of M. erythrotis. Based on the morphological characteristics of the M. minutus and M. erythrotis individuals collected in Qingliangfeng, we analyzed the photos of Micromys specimens housed in the National Animal Collection Resource Center and, combined with the data available in the literature, reorganized the geographical distribution of the genus Micromys in China and provided updated distribution maps. The results showed that M. minutus is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan. M. erythrotis is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Tibet, Guizhou, Chongqing, Anhui, Fujian and Guangxi. Qingliangfeng in Anhui Province and Zhenba and Chenggu counties in Shaanxi Province are the overlapping distribution areas of the two species. In addition, the results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis show that the diversity of the genus is still underestimated in China and it is very likely that there are undescribed taxa in the genus.
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