狒狒圈舍废弃栖杠的嗅觉丰容对圈养食肉动物行为的影响

曹雅妮; 黄心蕊; 张媛媛; 张轶卓; 何绍纯; 赵荆; 马骏; 张涛; 张成林; 刘定震

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150651

兽类学报 >

2023 , Vol. 43 >Issue 1: 59 - 68

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150651

研究论文

狒狒圈舍废弃栖杠的嗅觉丰容对圈养食肉动物行为的影响

曹雅妮 ,
黄心蕊 ,
张媛媛 ,
张轶卓 ,
何绍纯 ,
赵荆 ,
马骏 ,
张涛 ,
张成林 ,
刘定震

展开

1 北京动物园管理处, 圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100044;
2 北京师范大学生命科学学院, 生物多样性科学与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875

曹雅妮(1984-),女,工程师,主要从事圈养动物饲养与管理;黄心蕊(1998-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事动物行为学研究.

收稿日期: 2021-12-23

修回日期: 2022-07-05

网络出版日期: 2023-01-10

基金资助

北京公园管理中心项目(ZX2022018)；国家林业和草原局项目(2018-BJ-001)

收起

Effects of olfactory enrichment using logs used by baboons on behaviors of captive carnivores

CAO Yani ,
HUANG Xinrui ,
ZHANG Yuanyuan ,
ZHANG Yizhuo ,
HE Shaochun ,
ZHAO Jing ,
MA Jun ,
ZHANG Tao ,
ZHANG Chenglin ,
LIU Dingzhen

Expand

1 Beijing Zoo Management Office, Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technology, Beijing 100044, China;
2 Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing NormalUniversity, Beijing 100875, China

Received date: 2021-12-23

Revised date: 2022-07-05

Online published: 2023-01-10

Fold

摘要

单调的饲养环境是导致圈养食肉动物表现刻板行为的主要原因之一。为减少圈养动物刻板行为的发生，探索便于操作、经济且有效的丰容方式是动物饲养管理者面临的一个挑战。本研究以狒狒圈舍废弃栖杠作为嗅觉丰容材料，对北京动物园小型(9种)、中型(4种)和大型(7种)食肉动物进行嗅觉丰容实验。在非投喂时段，采用扫描动物取样和瞬时记录法，分别对28只动物在丰容前后的5种行为进行观察和比较分析。结果显示，小型和中型食肉动物在丰容后对旧设施的使用频次显著下降(小型：P=0.026；中型：P=0.038)，而大型食肉动物无显著变化(P>0.05)。仅小型食肉动物的刻板性走动、休息和观望行为频次显著下降(走动：P=0.023；休息：P=0.023；观望：P=0.017)，其他类群的各类行为均无显著变化(P>0.05)。同时，丰容后小型食肉动物的行为多样性指数显著降低(P=0.008)，主要表现为动物花费较多的时间探究新的丰容设施；中型和大型食肉动物的行为多样性指数变化不显著。结果表明，使用带有狒狒身体气味的栖杠进行嗅觉丰容，仅对小型食肉动物有效，对中型和大型食肉动物无效。研究认为，以其他动物圈舍的废弃栖架等物品作为丰容材料，对小型食肉动物进行嗅觉丰容，是一种低成本、有效且操作简便的嗅觉丰容方式，具有一定的推广价值。

关键词： 嗅觉丰容; 食肉动物; 行为; 栖杠; 动物福利

本文引用格式

曹雅妮 , 黄心蕊 , 张媛媛 , 张轶卓 , 何绍纯 , 赵荆 , 马骏 , 张涛 , 张成林 , 刘定震 . 狒狒圈舍废弃栖杠的嗅觉丰容对圈养食肉动物行为的影响[J]. 兽类学报, 2023 , 43(1) : 59 -68 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150651

Abstract

The monotonous environment is thought to be one of the causes of the stereotypic behavior in captive carnivores. It is a challenging work for zoo managers to explore and use a simple, economical and effective method to conduct enrichment to prevent those carnivores from displaying stereotypic behavior. Here, we conducted an olfactory enrichment study using logs formerly used in baboon playgrounds in small (9 species), medium (4 species) and large (7 species) carnivores at Beijing Zoo. We used the scan sampling and instantaneous recording method to observe those carnivores'behavior and compared the five main behaviors of 28 animals before and after enrichment during the non-feeding period. The results showed that the relative ratio of using old enrichment items in small and medium carnivore groups decreased significantly after the enrichment (small:P=0.026; medium:P=0.038), but no significant changes were detected in large carnivores. In addition, small carnivores showed less stereotypic pacing, resting, and watching behavior than those before the enrichment (stereotypic pacing:P=0.023; resting:P=0.023; watching:P=0.017). There were no significant behavioral changes in other behaviors of medium and large carnivores (both P>0.05). Moreover, the behavioral diversity index in small carnivores decreased significantly after enrichment by displaying more exploring behavior to the newly added logs (P=0.008). No similar change was found in medium and larger carnivores (both P>0.05). Our results suggest that using items containing body odors of other animals like baboons in the zoo as environmental enrichment materials is only effective for reducing stereotypic behavior in small carnivores, but not for medium and large carnivores. It is a low-cost, simple and effective way to exploit items used in other animals'enclosures to conduct environmental enrichment for small captive carnivores and should be recommended to other zoos and wildlife parks.

Key words： Olfactory enrichment; Carnivore; Behavior; Log; Animal welfare

参考文献

Antonenko T V, Medvedeva J E, Panchuk K A. 2017. The influence of olfactory stimulation on the welfare of big cats in captivity. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 7 (4):134-138.
Antonenko T V, Ulitina O M, Pysarev S V, Matsyura A V. 2019. Dif-ferent enriched environments for Eurasian lynx in the Barnaul Zoo. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9:671-675.
Bashaw M J, Kelling A S, Bloomsmith M A, Maple T L. 2007. Envi-ronmental effects on the behavior of zoo-housed lions and tigers, with a case study of the effects of a visual barrier on pacing. Jour-nal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 10 (2):95-109.
Carlstead K. 1991. Husbandry of the Fennec fox:Fennecus zerda:en-vironmental conditions influencing stereotypic behaviour. Inter-national Zoo Yearbook, 30 (1):202-207.
Carlstead K. 1998. Determining the causes of stereotypic behaviors in zoo carnivores:toward appropriate enrichment strategies. In:Shepherdson D J, Mellen J D, Hutchins M eds. Second Nature:Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Washington D C & London:Smithsonian Institution Press, 172-183.
Carlstead K. 2009. A comparative approach to the study of keeperanimal relationships in the zoo. Zoo Biology, 28 (6):589-608.
Christou P A, Nikiforou E S. 2021. Tourists'perceptions of nonhuman species in zoos:An animal rights perspective. Interna-tional Journal of Tourism Research, 23 (4):690-700.
Clark F, King A J. 2006. A critical review of zoo-based olfactory en-richment. Chester, England:11th International Symposium on Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, 391-398.
Clubb R, Mason G. 2003. Captivity effects on wide-ranging carni-vores. Nature, 425 (6957):473-474.
Damasceno J, Genaro G, Quirke T, McCarthy S, McKeown S, O'Rior-dan R. 2017. The effects of intrinsic enrichment on captive fe-lids. Zoo Biology, 36 (3):186-192.
De Rouck M, Kitchener A C, Law G, Nelissen M. 2005. A compara-tive study of the influence of social housing conditions on the be-haviour of captive tigers (Panthera tigris). Animal Welfare, 14(3):229-238.
DeLuca A M, Kranda K C. 1992. Environmental enrichment in a large animal facility. Laboratory Animals (London), 21:38-44.
Ellis S L H, Wells D L. 2010. The influence of olfactory stimulation on the behaviour of cats housed in a rescue shelter. Applied Ani-mal Behaviour Science, 123 (1-2):56-62.
Fernandez E J, Tamborski M A, Pickens S R, Timberlake W. 2009. Animal-visitor interactions in the modern zoo:Conflicts and in-terventions. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 120 (1-2):1-8.
Figueira M P, Silva F F R, Ribeiro A, Silva I O, Boere V. 2021. The behavioral response of the crab-eating fox to olfactory enrich-ment. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 242.
Hill J O, Pavlik E J, Smith G L Ⅲ, Burghardt G M, Coulson P B. 1976. Species-characteristic responses to catnip by undomesti-cated felids. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2 (2):239-253.
Hosey G R. 2005. How does the zoo environment affect the behav-iour of captive primates? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 90(2):107-129.
Kleiman D G, Thompson K V, Baer C K. 2010. Wild Mammals in Captivity:Principles and Techniques for Zoo Management, 2nd edition. Chicago & London:University of Chicago Press.
Lyons J, Young R J, Deag J M. 1997. The effects of physical charac-teristics of the environment and feeding regime on the behavior of captive felids. Zoo Biology, 16 (1):71-83.
Mallapur A, Chellam R. 2002. Environmental influences on stereo-typy and the activity budget of Indian leopards (Panthera pardus) in four zoos in southern India. Zoo Biology, 21 (6):585-595.
Mason G, Clubb R, Latham N, Vickery S. 2007. Why and how should we use environmental enrichment to tackle stereotypic behaviour? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 102 (3-4):163-188.
McPhee M E, Carlstead K. 2010. The importance of maintaining natu-ral behaviors in captive mammals. In:Kleiman D G, Thompson K V, Baer C K eds. Wild Mammals in Captivity:Principles and Techniques for Zoo Management, 2nd edition. Chicago and Lon-don:The University of Chicago Press, 303-313.
Mellen J D, Hayes M P, Shepherdson D J. 1998. Captive environ-ments for small felids. In:Shepherdson D J, Mellen J D, Hutchins M eds. Second Nature:Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Washington D C:Smithsonian Institution Press.
Metter J E V, Harriger M D, Bolen R H. 2008. Environmental enrich-ment utilizing stimulus objects for African lions (Panthera leo leo) and Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae). BIOS, 79(1):7-16.
Miller L J, Vicino G A, Sheftel J, Lauderdale L K. 2020. Behavioral diversity as a potential indicator of positive animal welfare. Ani-mals, 10 (7):1211-1228.
Myles S, Montrose V T. 2015. The effects of olfactory stimulation on the behaviour of captive meerkats (Suricata suricatta). Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, 3 (2):37-42.
Nilsson S, Sjoberg J, Amundin M, Hartmann C, Buettner A, Laska M. 2014. Behavioral responses to mammalian blood odor and a blood odor component in four species of large carnivores. PLoS ONE, 9 (11):e112694.
Normann M C, Cox M, Akinbo O I, Watanasriyakul W T, Kovalev D, Ciosek S, Miller T, Grippo A J. 2021. Differential paraventricu-lar nucleus activation and behavioral responses to social isolation in prairie voles following environmental enrichment with and without physical exercise. Social Neuroscience, 16 (4):375-390.
Powell D M. 1995. Preliminary evaluation of environmental enrich-ment techniques for African lions (Panthera leo). Animal Wel-fare, 4:361-370.
Quirke T, O'Riordan R M. 2011. The effect of a randomised enrich-ment treatment schedule on the behaviour of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 135 (1-2):103-109.
Ross S R. 2006. Issues of choice and control in the behaviour of a pair of captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Behavioural Pro-cesses, 73 (1):117-120.
Shepherdson D J, Mellen J D, Hutchins M. 1998. Second Nature:En-vironmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Washington D C:Smithsonian Institution Press.
Shyne A. 2006. Meta-analytic review of the effects of enrichment on stereotypic behavior in zoo mammals. Zoo Biology, 25 (4):317-337.
Stolba A, Baker N, Woodgush D G M. 1983. The characterization of stereotyped behavior in stalled sows by informational redun-dancy. Behaviour, 87:157-182.
Szokalski M S, Litchfield C A, Foster W K. 2012. Enrichment for cap-tive tigers (Panthera tigris):current knowledge and future direc-tions. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 139 (1-2):1-9.
Wells D L. 2009. Sensory stimulation as environmental enrichment for captive animals:a review. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 118 (1-2):1-11.
Wells D L, Egli J M. 2004. The influence of olfactory enrichment on the behaviour of captive black-footed cats, Felis nigripes. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 85 (1-2):107-119.
Yu S Y, Jiang Z G, Zhu H, Li C W, Zhang E Q, Zhang J G, Carin H. 2009. Effects of odors on behaviors of captive Amur leopards Panthera pardus orientalis. Current Zoology, 55 (1):20-27.
乔征磊, 韦钦国. 2015. 东北虎描述性全行为谱的构建. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, (9):207-209.
华春蕾. 2020. 圈养东北虎丰容效果评估研究. 福建畜牧兽医, 42(5):13-16.
华彦, 刘锐, 刘欣. 2011. 人工饲养水貂行为谱的初步构建. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, (21):137-139.
刘选珍, 杨佳璐, 杨粞, 李海宇. 2016. 圈养细尾獴 (Suricata suri-catta) 的昼间行为观察. 野生动物学报, 37 (2):91-95.
刘群秀, 王爱善, 夏菊兴, 何维光. 2014a. 应用气味丰容减少圈养华南虎 (Panthera tigris amoyensis) 的刻板行为. 野生动物学报, 35 (4):376-380.
刘群秀, 涂荣秀, 马珺, 王颖. 2014b. 应用环境丰容消除圈养动物的刻板行为. 野生动物学报, 35 (2):220-223.
李桢, 于正青, 董焕声, 潘庆杰. 2016. 圈养北极熊刻板行为的观察研究. 青岛农业大学学报 (自然科学版), 33 (1):4-7, 15.
杨春花, 王小明. 2006. 大熊猫的刻板行为及其矫正对策:丰富圈养环境举措. 四川动物, 25 (3):529-532.
邹婧, 华彦, 王海滨, 张伟. 2015. 人工圈养紫貂 (Martes zibellina)行为谱构建及行为节律研究. 野生动物学报, 36 (2):157-161.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献