甘肃祁连山脉雪豹及其同域分布大型食肉动物时间生态位关系

张常智; 马腾; 乌力吉; 刘晓敏

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150632

兽类学报 >

2023 , Vol. 43 >Issue 1: 109 - 115

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150632

研究简报

甘肃祁连山脉雪豹及其同域分布大型食肉动物时间生态位关系

张常智 ,
马腾 ,
乌力吉 ,
刘晓敏

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1 中国地质大学 (武汉) 环境学院, 武汉 430000;
2 世界自然基金会北京代表处, 北京 100871;
3 湖北省林业勘察设计院, 武汉 430000;
4 甘肃盐池湾国家级自然保护区管理局, 肃北 736300

张常智(1980-),男,博士,主要从事大型猫科动物保护与研究.

收稿日期: 2021-11-05

修回日期: 2022-07-05

网络出版日期: 2023-01-10

基金资助

世界自然基金会资助项目

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Temporal niche relationship between snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and its sympatric large carnivores in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province

ZHANG Changzhi ,
MA Teng ,
Wuliji ,
LIU Xiaomin

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1 School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430000, China;
2 World Wild Fund for Nature, Beijing 100871, China;
3 Hubei Forestry Prospect and Design Institute, Wuhan 430000, China;
4 Yanchiwan Natioinal Nature Reserve Admininstration, Subei 736300, China

Received date: 2021-11-05

Revised date: 2022-07-05

Online published: 2023-01-10

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张常智 , 马腾 , 乌力吉 , 刘晓敏 . 甘肃祁连山脉雪豹及其同域分布大型食肉动物时间生态位关系[J]. 兽类学报, 2023 , 43(1) : 109 -115 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150632

Abstract

Large mammalian carnivores are at the top of the food chain and nutritional level, and they play an important role in maintaining the stability of ecosystem structure and function. Exploring the interspecific interaction and coexistence mechanism of large carnivores is of great significance to understanding how biotic communities assemble, species population dynamics, and endangered species conservation and management. In this study, we seleted the Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve in the west of Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province as our study area. We collected temporal data of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and their sympatric large carnivores from a camera-trapping survey in the alpine ecosystem and conducted kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap to explore temporal niche differentiation. We found that the daily activity patterns of snow leopards showed a sub-peak and a peak at 04:00-08:00 and 16:00-20:00, respectively, indicating that snow leopards tended to be crepuscular. The sub-peak and the highest peak of the daily activity patterns of brown bears (Ursus arctos) are from 03:00 to 05:00 and from 19:00 to 21:00 respectively, which are more nocturnal. Dhole (Cuon alpinus) has the highest peak and sub-peak from 06:00 to 10:00, which are concentrated in the daytime and mainly active in the morning, making it a typical diurnal animal. The daily activity patterns of lynx(Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) were both bimodal. The two activity peaks of lynx are 01:00-03:00 and 18:00-20:00, which are more nocturnal, while the two activity peaks of wolves are about 09:00-11:00 and 18:00-19:00, which are more diurnal. The overlap of daily activity patterns of snow leopard and wolf (Δ1=0. 70), snow leopard and lynx (Δ1=0. 78), and snow leopard and brown bear (Δ1=0. 82) were higher, while snow leopard and dhole (Δ1=0. 39) showed low overlap of daily activity pattern. The results preliminarily revealed the temporal niche relationship between the snow leopard and its sympatric large carnivores and, provide basic information for a further in-depth understanding of the coexistence mechanism of large carnivores in the alpine ecosystem.

Key words： Temporal niche; Snow leopard; Wolf; Lynx; Brown bear; Dhole

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