A series of tomb bats were captured in a cave by using harp traps in Longmen County, Guangdong Province, China (23o35'18″N, 114o17'53″E, 91 m a. s. l.), between 2007 and 2020. The bats were similar in appearance but of different sizes. Six of them are morphologically and morphometrically similar to Taphozous theobaldi rather than Taphozous melanopogon. Both principal component analysis and discrimination analysis suggested the separation between T. theobaldi and T. melanopogon. T. theobaldi exhibits an elongated posterior orbital process and a well-developed pterygoid bone. Such identifications are also supported by the phylogenetic inferences using a segment of of Cyt b mitochondrial gene. Given that no traceable T. theobaldi specimens were reported since the first records in 1984, our finding represents the field rediscovery of this species after nearly 40 years.
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