基于红外相机技术对河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性的调查
收稿日期: 2021-11-10
录用日期: 2022-04-11
网络出版日期: 2023-03-23
基金资助
国家重点研发项目(2016YFC0500105);中央林业改革发展资金;中国科学院生物多样性监测与研究网络兽类网运行费
Bird and mammal diversity inventory by camera trapping in the Neixiang Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Henan Province
Received date: 2021-11-10
Accepted date: 2022-04-11
Online published: 2023-03-23
为促进河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区野生动物资源保护与管理，本研究于2015年4月—2018年9月，利用红外相机技术对区内陆生大中型兽类和地面活动鸟类进行了连续3年的调查。本次调查涉及62个红外相机位点，累积工作37 923个有效相机日，共获得12 040张独立有效照片，识别到动物12目26科54种，其中鸟类6目12科35种，兽类6目14科19种。灰头鸫 (Turdus rubrocanus)、斑胸钩嘴鹛 (Pomatorhinus hypoleucos) 和蓝鹀 (Latoucheornis siemsseni) 为保护区新记录物种。保护区内有林麝 (Moschus berezovskii) 和金雕 (Aquila chrysaeto) 2种国家一级重点保护野生动物，豹猫 (Prionailurus bengalensis)、黄喉貂 (Martes flavigula)、猕猴 (Macaca mulatta)、中华斑羚 (Naemorhedus griseus) 等13种国家二级重点保护野生动物；IUCN红色名录收录濒危物种 (EN) 有林麝1种，易危物种 (VU) 有中华斑羚 (Naemorhedus griseus) 1种，近危物种 (NT) 有猪獾 (Arctonyx collaris) 1种。中国脊椎动物红色名录极危物种 (CR) 有林麝1种，易危物种 (VU) 4种，近危物种 (NT) 10种。兽类中，野猪 (Sus scrofa)、中国豪猪 (Hystrix hodgsoni) 和猪獾的相对多度指数和位点占有率均占据前三位；鸟类中，勺鸡 (Pucrasia macrolopha) 和红腹锦鸡 (Chrysolophus pictus) 的相对多度指数和位点占有率均较高。此外，人类活动和家畜放牧是内乡宝天曼保护区的主要人为干扰，同时发现生态旅游所圈养的猕猴发生逃逸，首次获得其在保护区内活动的图像记录。本研究完善了内乡宝天曼保护区野生动物资源本底资料，为野生动物长期监测研究和自然保护区管理提供了参考数据。
关键词： 河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区; 红外相机; 生物多样性; 保护管理
张清浩 , 姚松 , 徐恺 , 刘统 , 肖文宏 , 白兵勇 , 黄小群 , 肖治术 . 基于红外相机技术对河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性的调查[J]. 兽类学报, 2023 , 43(2) : 206 -214 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150633
We conducted a 3-year survey for large and medium-sized mammals and ground-dwelling birds using infrared cameras from April 2015 to September 2018 in the Neixiang Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Henan province. Based on 12 040 independent images and 37 923 effective camera days from 62 camera traps sites, we identified 54 species belonging to 12 orders and 26 families, including 35 bird species belonging to 6 orders and 12 families and 19 mammal species belonging to 6 orders and 14 families. Turdus rubrocanus, Pomatorhinus hypoleucos, and Latoucheornis siemsseni were newly recorded in the reserve. Among the recorded species, Moschus berezovskii and Aquila chrysaeto are listed as Class Ⅰ National Protected Species, and 13 species as Class Ⅱ national protected animals, e.g. Prionailurus bengalensis, Martes flavigula, Macaca mulatta, Naemorhedus griseus. According to the IUCN Red List, M. berezovskii is listed as endangered, N. griseus as vulnerable, and Arctonyx collaris as near endangered. Based on the Red List of China’s Vertebrates, M. berezovskii is classified as critically endangered, four species are listed as vulnerable and ten species as near endangered. The top three mammals with the highest relative abundance index and site occupancies were Sus scrofa, Hystrix hodgsoni, and A. collaris. The birds with higher relative abundance index and site occupancies were Pucrasia macrolopha and Chrysolophus pictus. Moreover, human activities and livestock grazing were the main disturbance in the reserve. We obtained for the first time images of captured macaques kept for ecotourism. The study provides baseline information for long-term monitoring and research of wildlife and biodiversity management and conservation of the reserve.
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