食物蛋白质含量对高原鼠兔免疫功能的影响
收稿日期: 2022-10-25
录用日期: 2023-02-06
网络出版日期: 2023-05-18
基金资助
青海省自然科学基金青年项目(2021-ZJ-945Q);国家自然科学基金(31870397);中国科学院A类先导专项(XDA2005010406);青海省人民政府 中国科学院三江源国家公园联合专项(LHZX-2020-01)
Effects of dietary protein contents on the immune function of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)
Received date: 2022-10-25
Accepted date: 2023-02-06
Online published: 2023-05-18
高原鼠兔 (Ochotona curzoniae) 不仅是青藏高原特有的小型植食性哺乳动物，也是高寒草地生态系统的关键物种，其种群数量随着过度放牧引起的草地退化而急剧增加。我们近期的研究发现，随着高寒草地退化，高原鼠兔的免疫力明显增强，推测可能与退化的高寒草地中丰富的高蛋白质食物资源有关。为了进一步验证上述推测，本研究在青海海北高寒草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站地区的重度退化草地中，选取6块70 m × 70 m的实验样地，通过添加蛋白质含量为20%和5%的兔颗粒饲料及不添加饲料处理，测定了高原鼠兔的粪便皮质醇 (Fecal cortisol metabolite, FCM) 含量、植物血凝素反应 (Phytohemagglutinin, PHA)、血清抗匙孔血蓝蛋白 (Keyhole limpet haemoeyanin, KLH) 的 IgG 水平含量和肠道寄生物感染状况，以验证丰富的高蛋白质食物资源可增加高原鼠兔的免疫力的假设。结果表明，添加20%蛋白质含量的饲料显著降低了高原鼠兔的FCM含量，显著增加了PHA反应和抗KLH的IgG含量，显著降低了球虫的感染率和绦虫的感染强度。该结果验证了上述假设，并认为在退化的高寒草地中，高蛋白质食物通过缓解高原鼠兔的应激―免疫―寄生物感染状况之间的恶性循环，从而促进高原鼠兔种群增长。
关键词： 食物粗蛋白质; 高原鼠兔 (Ochotona curzoniae); 免疫能力; 应激; 寄生物感染
张璐 , 吴学琴 , 陈慧青 , 董昕 , 尚国珍 , 吴雁 , 边疆晖 . 食物蛋白质含量对高原鼠兔免疫功能的影响[J]. 兽类学报, 2023 , 43(3) : 293 -303 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150743
The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is not only a small herbivorous mammal unique to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but also a keystone species in the alpine grassland ecosystem. The population number of plateau pikas has increased dramatically with the degradation of grasslands caused by overgrazing. Our recent research has found that the immune system of plateau pikas was significantly enhanced as the alpine grassland degrades, and speculated it maybe related to the rich high-protein food resources in the degraded alpine grassland. To further validate this hypothesis, a field experiment was conducted in a highly degraded grassland of the Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem. The objective of this study is to verify the hypothesis that rich high-protein food resources could increase the immune system of plateau pikas. Six sample plots (70 m × 70 m) were randomized amongst three treatment groups: no supplementation (control); supplementation with rabbit chow with 5% protein; and supplementation with rabbit chow with 20% protein. We measured the fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) levels, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response, IgG levels of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in serum, and intestinal parasitic infection status of plateau pikas. The results showed that supplementation with pelleted chow with 20% protein treatment significantly decreased the FCM levels of plateau pikas, significantly increased the PHA response and IgG levels against KLH, and significantly reduced the infection rate of coccidia and the infection intensity of cestodes. This result confirmed the above hypothesis and suggested that in degraded alpine grasslands, high-protein food can promote the growth of plateau pika populations by alleviating the vicious cycle between stress-immunity-parasitic infections.
Key words： Food protein; Ochotona curzoniae; Immunity; Stress; Parasitic infections
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