湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性及活动节律调查
收稿日期: 2022-06-24
录用日期: 2023-01-04
网络出版日期: 2023-05-18
基金资助
国家林业和草原局珍稀濒危物种调查监管与行业规范项目;国家林业和草原局自主研发项目：建设项目对自然保护地国家重点保护野生动物及其栖息地影响研究(LC-4-02)
Diversity and activity rhythm of mammals and birds in the Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan inferred through camera traps
Received date: 2022-06-24
Accepted date: 2023-01-04
Online published: 2023-05-18
调查自然保护地内的生物多样性现状，对了解当地野生动物种群动态和分布，并制订有效保护对策非常重要。由于地形复杂、植被浓密且缺乏系统调查，云贵高原东北边缘武陵山区的兽类和鸟类多样性数据较为缺乏。2017年3月—2018年12月，对位于武陵山区的湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区的地栖兽类和鸟类多样性现状、群落组成和行为节律进行了红外相机调查，以补充该区域鸟兽多样性本底资料。调查期内共监测了60个相机位点，累计18 525个相机日，拍摄到2 865张独立有效照片，包括8目25科37属，共15种兽类和35种鸟类，其中褐胁雀鹛 (Schoeniparus dubius)、褐头鸫 (Turdus feae) 和白眉鹀 (Emberiza tristrami) 为保护区鸟类新记录种，相对多度指数较高的动物类群为啮齿目、鲸偶蹄目、食肉目、鸡形目和雀形目。对8种分布广泛、多度指数较高物种日活动节律分析发现：(1) 红腿长吻松鼠 (Dremomys pyrrhomerus) 和花面狸 (Paguma larvata) 分别为典型的昼行性和夜行性动物，且与其他地区种群的日活动节律高度相似；(2) 毛冠鹿 (Elaphodus cephalophus) 和野猪 (Sus scrofa) 均为昼夜兼性动物，但两者日活动节律存在显著差异；(3) 红腹角雉 (Tragopan temminckii) 和红腹锦鸡 (Chrysolophus pictus)、眼纹噪鹛 (Garrulax ocellatus) 和红嘴相思鸟 (Leiothrix lutea) 之间均存在不同程度的日活动节律差异。本研究补充了湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区地栖兽类和鸟类多样性现状的基础数据以及常见物种的活动节律，有助于今后深入推进本地区生物多样性保护与研究工作。
关键词： 红外相机; 八大公山国家级自然保护区; 兽类和鸟类; 生物多样性; 活动节律
阮向东 , 陈奕欣 , 王博宇 , 杨筱 , 廖春林 , 禹洋 , 郭程 . 湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性及活动节律调查[J]. 兽类学报, 2023 , 43(3) : 342 -351 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150708
Identifying the status of fauna diversity in protected areas is important for understanding their current population demography and distribution, while is essential for accurate conservation planning. Due to the complex terrain and dense vegetation, the knowledge of the fauna diversity status of Mt. Wuling, situated at the edge of the Yun-Gui Plateau,remains insufficient. From March 2017 to December 2018, we investigated the diversity, community composition, and activity rhythms of terrestrial mammals and birds by deploying 60 infrared camera traps at the northern Mt. Wuling in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan, China. We established 60 camera sites, monitored totaling 18 525 camera-trapping days, and identified 2 865 independent images. We totally identified 15 mammals and 35 birds, belonging to 8 orders, 25 families, and 37 genera. We also identified three birds, namely Schoeniparus dubius, Turdus feae, and Emberiza tristrami as new recorded species for the reserve. Rodentia, Cetartiodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes, and Passeriformes were the most abundant orders and widely occurred in the study area. Based on the detailed time records of the eight most abundant species, the results show that: (1) Dremomys pyrrhomerus and Paguma larvata are typically diurnal and nocturnal mammals respectively, and their activity rhythms are consistent with other populations outside the region; (2) Both Elaphodus cephalophus and Sus scrofa exhibit cathemeral activities but their activity rhythms are significantly different from each other; (3) We also detected significant differences in activity rhythms, between Tragopan temminckii and Chrysolophus pictus as well as between Garrulax ocellatus and Leiothrix lutea. This survey provides basic and valuable information on the current status of mammalian and avian diversity in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, which is essential for wildlife monitoring and biodiversity conservation in this area.
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