综述

动物数量认知能力的演化

  • 刘思燚 ,
  • 苏彦捷
展开
  • 北京大学心理与认知科学学院, 行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室, 北京 100871
刘思燚(1997-),男,博士研究生,主要从事动物认知与儿童认知发展研究.

收稿日期: 2022-11-18

  修回日期: 2023-04-12

  网络出版日期: 2023-08-01

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(32071075,31872782)

Evolution of animal numerical cognition

  • LIU Siyi ,
  • SU Yanjie
Expand
  • School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received date: 2022-11-18

  Revised date: 2023-04-12

  Online published: 2023-08-01

摘要

数量认知能力是许多动物生而具有的重要认知能力,对个体的生存与繁衍均具有重要的适应意义。本文梳理了近年来有关动物数量认知能力的研究,基于客体档案系统(小数量表征)与近似数量系统(大数量表征)两大数量核心知识系统,比较了不同物种在数量认知能力上的相似性与差异性,结合行为证据与神经科学证据揭示了数量认知能力的适应意义。同时,还特别关注了与数量密切相关的连续量信息在动物个体的生存与繁衍中可能存在的重要作用。最后,本文提出了有关动物数量认知研究领域亟待解决的问题和未来可能的研究方向。

本文引用格式

刘思燚 , 苏彦捷 . 动物数量认知能力的演化[J]. 兽类学报, 2023 , 43(4) : 450 -464 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150755

Abstract

Numerical cognition, an innate important cognitive ability for many species of animals, is of great adaptive significance to individuals’survival and reproduction. This article reviews recent studies about animal numerical cognition. It compares interspecies similarities and differences based on object file system (representations of small numbers) and approximate numerical system (representations of large numbers). It also reveals the adaptive significance of numerical cognition by combining behavioral and neuroscientific research evidence. Meanwhile, we focus on the potentially important role of continuous quantity information closely related to numerosity. Finally, this article suggests some urgent issues and possible future directions in animal numerical cognition.

参考文献

Abramson J Z, Hernandez-Lloreda V, Call J, Colmenares F. 2013. Relative quantity judgments in the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Behavioural Processes, 96:11-19.
Agrillo C, Petrazzini M E M, Bisazza A. 2014. Numerical acuity of fish is improved in the presence of moving targets, but only in the subitizing range. Animal Cognition, 17 (2):307-316.
Agrillo C, Bisazza A. 2018. Understanding the origin of number sense:A review of fish studies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 373 (1740):20160511.
Asano T, Kojima T, Matsuzawa T, Kubota K, Murofushi K. 1982. Object and color naming in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B-Physical and Biological Sciences, 58 (5):118-122.
Ashkenazi S, Henik A, Ifergane G, Shelef I. 2008. Basic numerical processing in left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) acalculia. Cortex, 44(4):439-448.
Aulet L S, Chiu V C, Prichard A, Spivak M, Lourenco S F, Berns G S. 2019. Canine sense of quantity:Evidence for numerical ratiodependent activation in parietotemporal cortex. Biology Letters, 15 (12):20190666.
Barth H, Kanwisher N, Spelke E. 2003. The construction of large number representations in adults. Cognition, 86:201-221.
Beran M J. 2012. Quantity judgments of auditory and visual stimuli by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Behavioral Processes, 38 (1):23-29.
Beran M J, Parrish A E. 2016. Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) treat small and large numbers of items similarly during a relative quantity judgment task. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 23(4):1206-1213.
Bisazza A, Tagliapietra C, Bertolucci C, Foa A, Agrillo C. 2014. Nonvisual numerical discrimination in a blind cavefish (Phreatichthys andruzzii). Journal of Experimental Biology, 217 (11):1902-1909.
Bogale B A, Aoyama M, Sugita S. 2014. Spontaneous discrimination of food quantities in the jungle crow, Corvus macrorhynchos. Animal Behaviour, 94:73-78.
Bortot M, Agrillo C, Avargues-Weber A, Bisazza A, Petrazzini M E M, Giurfa M. 2019. Honeybees use absolute rather than relative numerosity in number discrimination. Biology Letters, 15 (6):20190138.
Boysen S T, Berntson G G. 1989. Numerical competence in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 103 (1):23-31.
Bryer M A H, Koopman S E, Cantlon J F, Piantadosi S T, MacLean E L, Baker J M, Beran M J, Jones S M, Jordan K E, Mahamane S, Nieder A, Perdue B M, Range F, Stevens J R, Tomonaga M, Ujfalussy D J, Vonk J. 2022. The evolution of quantitative sensitivity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 377 (1844):20200529.
Cai Y X, Hofstetter S, van Dijk J, Zuiderbaan W, van der Zwaag W, Harvey B, Dumoulin S O. 2021. Topographic numerosity maps cover subitizing and estimation ranges. Nature Communications, 12 (1):3374.
Caicoya A L, Colell M, Holland R, Ensenyat C, Amici F. 2021. Giraffes go for more:a quantity discrimination study in giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis). Animal Cognition, 24 (3):483-495.
Chacha J, Szenczi P, Gonzalez D, Martinez-Byer S, Hudson R, Banszegi O. 2020. Revisiting more or less:Influence of numerosity and size on potential prey choice in the domestic cat. Animal Cognition, 23 (3):491-501.
Charnov E L. 1976. Optimal foraging, marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology, 9 (2):129-136.
Chen T. 2017. The evolution of numerical cognition in primates. Ph. D thesis. Beijing:Peking University. (in Chinese)
Chiang W C, Wynn K. 2000. Infants'tracking of objects and collections. Cognition, 77 (3):169-195.
Choo H, Franconeri S L. 2014. Enumeration of small collections violates Weber's law. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 21 (1):93-99.
Coomes J R, McIvor G E, Thornton A. 2019. Evidence for individual discrimination and numerical assessment in collective antipredator behaviour in wild jackdaws (Corvus monedula). Biology Letters, 15 (11):20190380.
Cox L, Montrose V T. 2016. Quantity discrimination in domestic rats, Rattus norvegicus. Animals, 6 (8):46.
Cronin A L. 2014. Ratio-dependent quantity discrimination in quorum sensing ants. Animal Cognition, 17 (6):1261-1268.
Darwin C. 1859. The Origin of Species. London:John Murray. DeLong C M, Barbato S, O'Leary T, Wilcox K T. 2017. Small and large number discrimination in goldfish (Carassius auratus) with extensive training. Behavioural Processes, 141:172-183.
Ditz H M, Nieder A. 2016. Numerosity representations in crows obey the Weber-Fechner law. Proceedings of the Royal Society BBiological Sciences, 283 (1827):20160083.
Feigenson L, Carey S, Hauser M. 2002. The representations underlying infants'choice of more:Object files versus analog magnitudes. Psychological Science, 13 (2):150-156.
Feigenson L, Dehaene S, Spelke E. 2004. Core systems of number. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8 (7):307-314.
Ferrigno S, Hughes K D, Cantlon J F. 2016. Precocious quantitative cognition in monkeys. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 23 (1):141-147.
Forsatkar M N, Nematollahi M A, Bisazza A. 2016. Quantity discrimination in parental fish:Female convict cichlid discriminate fry shoals of different sizes. Animal Cognition, 19 (5):959-964.
Gabor V, Gerken M. 2014. Shetland ponies (Equus caballus) show quantity discrimination in a matching-to-sample design. Animal Cognition, 17 (6):1233-1243.
Gatto E, Carlesso D. 2019. Spontaneous quantity discrimination in crickets. Ethology, 125 (9):613-619.
Gatto E, Testolin A, Bisazza A, Zorzi M, Lucon-Xiccato T. 2020. Poor numerical performance of guppies tested in a Skinner box. Scientific Reports, 10 (1):16724.
Gazzola A, Vallortigara G, Pellitteri-Rosa D. 2018. Continuous and discrete quantity discrimination in tortoises. Biology Letters, 14(12):20180649.
Gómez-Laplaza L M, Caicoya A L, Gerlai R. 2017. Quantity discrimination in angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) is maintained after a 30-s retention interval in the large but not in the small number range. Animal Cognition, 20 (5):829-840.
Gómez-Laplaza L M, Diaz-Sotelo E, Gerlai R. 2018. Quantity discrimination in angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare:A novel approach with food as the discriminant. Animal Behaviour, 142:19-30.
Gómez-Laplaza L M, Gerlai R. 2015. Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) discriminate between small quantities:A role of memory. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 129 (1):78-83.
Gómez-Laplaza L M, Gerlai R. 2016. Discrimination of large quantities:Weber's law and short-term memory in angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare. Animal Behaviour, 112:29-37.
Gómez-Laplaza L M, Gerlai R. 2020. Food quantity discrimination in angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare):The role of number, density, size and area occupied by the food items. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14:106.
Harvey B M, Klein B P, Petridou N, Dumoulin S O. 2013. Topographic representation of numerosity in the human parietal cortex. Science, 341 (6150):1123-1126.
Harvey B M, Dumoulin S O. 2017. A network of topographic numerosity maps in human association cortex. Nature Human Behaviour, 1 (2):0036.
Hauser M D, Carey S, Hauser L B. 2000. Spontaneous number representation in semi-free-ranging rhesus monkeys. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 267 (1445):829-833.
Hebblewhite M, Pletscher D. 2002. Effects of elk group size on predation by wolves. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80 (5):800-809.
Hemelrijk C K, Bolhuis J J. 2011. A minimalist approach to comparative psychology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15 (5):185-186.
Herrmann E, Call J, Hernandez-Lloreda M V, Hare B, Tomasello M. 2007. Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition:The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317 (5843):1360-1366.
Hofstetter S, Cai Y X, Harvey B M, Dumoulin S O. 2021. Topographic maps representing haptic numerosity reveals distinct sensory representations in supramodal networks. Nature Communications, 12 (1):221.
Howard S R, Avargues-Weber A, Garcia J E, Greentree A D, Dyer A G. 2018. Numerical ordering of zero in honey bees. Science, 360 (6393):1124-1126.
Igic B, Ratnayake C P, Radford A N, Magrath R D. 2019. Eavesdropping magpies respond to the number of heterospecifics giving alarm calls but not the number of species calling. Animal Behaviour, 148:133-143.
Irie N, Hasegawa T. 2012. Summation by Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Behavioral Sciences, 2 (2):50-56.
Irie N, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Kutsukake N. 2019. Unique numerical competence of Asian elephants on the relative numerosity judgment task. Journal of Ethology, 37 (1):111-115.
Jones S M, Pearson J, DeWind N K, Paulsen D, Tenekedjieva A M, Brannon E M. 2014. Lemurs and macaques show similar numerical sensitivity. Animal Cognition, 17 (3):503-515.
Kersey A J, Cantlon J F. 2017. Neural tuning to numerosity relates to perceptual tuning in 3-6-year-old children. Journal of Neuroscience, 37 (3):512-522.
Kirschhock M E, Ditz H M, Nieder A. 2021. Behavioral and neuronal representation of numerosity zero in the crow. Journal of Neuroscience, 41 (22):4889-4896.
Kutter E F, Bostroem J, Elger C E, Mormann F, Nieder A. 2018. Single neurons in the human brain encode numbers. Neuron, 100(3):753-761.
Lande R. 1976. Natural-selection and random genetic drift in phenotypic evolution. Evolution, 30 (2):314-334.
Lemaire B S, Rugani R, Regolin L, Vallortigara G. 2021. Response of male and female domestic chicks to change in the number (quantity) of imprinting objects. Learning and Behavior, 49 (1):54-66.
Lewis K P, Jaffe S, Brannon E M. 2005. Analog number representations in mongoose lemurs (Eulemur mongoz):evidence from a search task. Animal Cognition, 8 (4):247-252.
Li H X, Si J W, Chen Z J, Zhang T Z. 2015. Approximate number system in human. Advances in Psychological Science, 23 (4):562-570. (in Chinese)
Lin F C, Whiting M J, Hsieh M Y, Shaner P J L, Lin S M. 2021. Superior continuous quantity discrimination in a freshwater turtle. Frontiers in Zoology, 18 (1):49.
Lucon-Xiccato T, Petrazzini M E M, Agrillo C, Bisazza A. 2015. Guppies discriminate between two quantities of food items but prioritize item size over total amount. Animal Behaviour, 107:183-191.
Lucon-Xiccato T, Dadda M. 2017. Individual guppies differ in quantity discrimination performance across antipredator and foraging contexts. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 71:13.
Lucon-Xiccato T, Gatto E, Bisazza A. 2018. Quantity discrimination by treefrogs. Animal Behaviour, 139:61-69.
MaBouDi H, Barron A B, Li S, Honkanen M, Loukola O J, Peng F, Li W, Marshall J A R, Cope A, Vasilaki E, Solvi C. 2021. Nonnumerical strategies used by bees to solve numerical cognition tasks. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 288 (1945):20202711.
Matsuzawa T. 1985. Use of numbers by a chimpanzee. Nature, 315(6014):57-59.
Messina A, Potrich D, Schiona I, Sovrano V A, Fraser S E, Brennan C H, Vallortigara G. 2022. Neurons in the dorso-central division of zebrafish pallium respond to change in visual numerosity. Cerebral Cortex, 32 (2):418-428.
Nelson X J, Jackson R R. 2012. The role of numerical competence in a specialized predatory strategy of an araneophagic spider. Animal Cognition, 15 (4):699-710.
Nieder A, Freedman D J, Miller E K. 2002. Representation of the quantity of visual items in the primate prefrontal cortex. Science, 297 (5587):1708-1711.
Nieder A, Diester I, Tudusciuc O. 2006. Temporal and spatial enumeration processes in the primate parietal cortex. Science, 313(5792):1431-1435.
Nieder A, Merten K. 2007. A labeled-line code for small and large numerosities in the monkey prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 27 (22):5986-5993.
Nieder A. 2020. The adaptive value of numerical competence. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 35 (7):605-617.
Olkowicz S, Kocourek M, Lucan R K, Portes M, Fitch W T, Herculano-Houzel S, Nemec P. 2016. Birds have primate-like numbers of neurons in the forebrain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113 (26):7255-7260.
Panteleeva S, Reznikova Z, Vygonyailova O. 2013. Quantity judgments in the context of risk/reward decision making in striped field mice:First"count", then hunt. Frontiers in Psychology, 4:53.
Perdue B M, Talbot C F, Stone A M, Beran M J. 2012. Putting the elephant back in the herd:Elephant relative quantity judgments match those of other species. Animal Cognition, 15:955-961.
Petrazzini M E M, Agrillo C, Piffer L, Bisazza A. 2014. Ontogeny of the capacity to compare discrete quantities in fish. Developmental Psychobiology, 56 (3):529-536.
Petrazzini M E M, Wynne C D L. 2016. What counts for dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in a quantity discrimination task? Behavioural Processes, 122:90-97.
Petrazzini M E M, Fraccaroli I, Gariboldi F, Agrillo C, Bisazza A, Bertolucci C, Foa A. 2017. Quantitative abilities in a reptile (Podarcis sicula). Biology Letters, 13 (4):20160899.
Petrazzini M E M, Bertolucci C, Foa A. 2018. Quantity discrimination in trained lizards (Podarcis sicula). Frontiers in Psychology, 9:274.
Piantadosi S T, Cantlon J F. 2017. True numerical cognition in the wild. Psychological Science, 28 (4):462-469.
Piazza M, Izard V, Pinel P, Le Bihan D, Dehaene S. 2004. Tuning curves for approximate numerosity in the human intraparietal sulcus. Neuron, 44 (3):547-555.
Piffer L, Agrillo C, Hyde D C. 2012. Small and large number discrimination in guppies. Animal Cognition, 15 (2):215-221.
Piffer L, Petrazzini M E M, Agrillo C. 2013. Large number discrimination in newborn fish. PLoS ONE, 8 (4):e62466.
Potrich D, Sovrano V A, Stancher G, Vallortigara G. 2015. Quantity discrimination by zebrafish (Danio rerio). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 129 (4):388-393.
Rivas-Blanco D, Pohl I M, Dale R, Heberlein M T E, Range F. 2020. Wolves and dogs may rely on non-numerical cues in quantity discrimination tasks when given the choice. Frontiers in Psychology, 11:573317.
Rugani R, Vallortigara G, Regolin L. 2013. Numerical abstraction in young domestic chicks (Gallus gallus). PLoS ONE, 8 (6):e65262.
Rugani R, Vallortigara G, Priftis K, Regolin L. 2015. Number-space mapping in the newborn chick resembles humans' mental number line. Science, 347 (6221):534-536.
Rugani R, Vallortigara G, Priftis K, Regolin L. 2020. Numerical magnitude, rather than individual bias, explains spatial numerical association in newborn chicks. eLife, 9:e54662.
Salena M G, Turko A J, Singh A, Pathak A, Hughes E, Brown C, Balshine S. 2021. Understanding fish cognition:A review and appraisal of current practices. Animal Cognition, 24 (3):395-406.
Santacà M, Agrillo C, Petrazzini M E M, Bisazza A. 2020. The ontogeny of continuous quantity discrimination in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). Animal Cognition, 23 (4):731-739.
Sawamura H, Shima K, Tanji J. 2002. Numerical representation for action in the parietal cortex of the monkey. Nature, 415 (6874):918-922.
Seguin D, Gerlai R. 2017. Zebrafish prefer larger to smaller shoals:analysis of quantity estimation in a genetically tractable model organism. Animal Cognition, 20 (5):813-821.
Shui R D, Xu F, Shen M W. 2004. Infant's number representations:Object-file and analog model. Advances in Psychological Science, 12 (5):784-790. (in Chinese)
Snyder R J, Barrett L P, Emory R A, Perdue B M. 2021. Performance of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) on a quantity discrimination task is similar to that of African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana). Animal Cognition, 24 (5):1121-1131.
Spelke E S, Kinzler K D. 2007. Core knowledge. Developmental Science, 10 (1):89-96.
Stancher G, Rugani R, Regolin L, Vallortigara G. 2015. Numerical discrimination by frogs (Bombina orientalis). Animal Cognition, 18 (1):219-229.
Starkey P, Cooper R G. 1980. Perception of numbers by human infants. Science, 210 (4473):1033-1035.
Sun W, Li B, Ma C. 2021. Rhesus monkeys have a counting ability and can count from one to six. Brain Sciences, 11 (8):1011.
Szabo B, Valencia-Aguilar A, Damas-Moreira I, Ringler E. 2022. Wild cognition-linking form and function of cognitive abilities within a natural context. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 44:101115.
Tomonaga M. 2008. Relative numerosity discrimination by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes):Evidence for approximate numerical representations. Animal Cognition, 11 (1):43-57.
Tornick J K, Callahan E S, Gibson B M. 2015. An investigation of quantity discrimination in Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 129 (1):17-25.
Tsouli A, Cai Y X, van Ackooij M, Hofstetter S, Harvey B M, te Pas S F, van der Smagt M J, Dumoulin S O. 2021. Adaptation to visual numerosity changes neural numerosity selectivity. Neuroimage, 229:117794.
Tsouli A, Harvey B M, Hofstetter S, Cai Y X, van der Smagt M J, te Pas S F, Dumoulin S O. 2022. The role of neural tuning in quantity perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 26 (1):11-24.
Utrata E, Viranyi Z, Range F. 2012. Quantity discrimination in wolves (Canis lupus). Frontiers in Psychology, 3:505.
Vallentin D, Bongard S, Nieder A. 2012. Numerical rule coding in the prefrontal, premotor, and posterior parietal cortices of macaques. Journal of Neuroscience, 32 (19):6621-6630.
van Dijk J A, Fracasso A, Petridou N, Dumoulin S O. 2021. Laminar processing of numerosity supports a canonical cortical microcircuit in human parietal cortex. Current Biology, 31 (20):4635-4640.
Vila Pouca C, Gervais C, Reed J, Michard J, Brown C. 2019. Quantity discrimination in Port Jackson sharks incubated under elevated temperatures. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 73(7):93.
Vonk J. 2014. Quantity matching by an orangutan (Pongo abelii). Animal Cognition, 17 (2):297-306.
Vonk J, Beran M J. 2012. Bears 'count' too:Quantity estimation and comparison in black bears, Ursus americanus. Animal Behaviour, 84 (1):231-238.
Wagener L, Loconsole M, Ditz H M, Nieder A. 2018. Neurons in the endbrain of numerically naïve crows spontaneously encode visual numerosity. Current Biology, 28 (7):1090-1094.
Xu F, Spelke E S. 2000. Large number discrimination in 6-monthold infants. Cognition, 74 (1):B1-B11.
Yang T I, Chiao C C. 2016. Number sense and state-dependent valuation in cuttlefish. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 283 (1837):20161379.
Zhang Z, Su Y J. 2007. The evolutionary foundation of human numerical competence:Implication from comparative studies. Advances in Psychological Science, 15 (1):57-63. (in Chinese)
水仁德, 徐飞, 沈模卫. 2004. 婴儿数量表征的客体档案和类比模型. 心理科学进展, 12 (5):784-790.
陈涛. 2017. 灵长目物种的数量认知演化:基于川金丝猴与人类数据的系统发生研究. 北京:北京大学博士学位论文.
李红霞, 司继伟, 陈泽建, 张堂正. 2015. 人类的近似数量系统. 心理科学进展, 23 (4):562-570.
张真, 苏彦捷. 2007. 人类数能力的演化基础:数能力比较研究的启示. 心理科学进展, 15 (1):57-63.
文章导航

/

〈 〉