兽类学报 >

2023 , Vol. 43 >Issue 5: 479 - 488

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150765

研究论文

普氏原羚警戒行为和生理应激的影响因素分析

  • 刘若爽 ,
  • 石建斌 ,
  • 刘定震 ,
  • 沈心晨 ,
  • 王庆庆 ,
  • 徐雪飞 ,
  • 郭冬生 ,
  • 董世魁 ,
  • 张毓 ,
  • 何玉邦 ,
  • 吴永林
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  • 1 北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875;
    2 北京师范大学生命科学学院, 生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875;
    3 北京林业大学草业与草原学院, 北京 100083;
    4 青海省林业和草原局, 西宁 810000;
    5 青海湖国家级自然保护区管理局, 西宁 810007
刘若爽(1989-)，女，博士研究生，主要从事生理生态学研究.E-mail:201531180032@mailbox.bnu.edu.cn.

收稿日期: 2022-12-12

  修回日期: 2023-05-16

  网络出版日期: 2023-09-22

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(31572281)；国家重大研发计划项目(2016YFC0501906)

收起

Analysis of factors influencing vigilance and physiological stress in Przewalski’s gazelle

  • LIU Ruoshuang ,
  • SHI Jianbin ,
  • LIU Dingzhen ,
  • SHEN Xinchen ,
  • WANG Qingqing ,
  • XU Xuefei ,
  • GUO Dongsheng ,
  • DONG Shikui ,
  • ZHANG Yu ,
  • HE Yubang ,
  • WU Yonglin
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  • 1 School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    2 Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    3 School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
    4 Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China;
    5 Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Xining 810007, China

Received date: 2022-12-12

  Revised date: 2023-05-16

  Online published: 2023-09-22

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摘要

野生动物在面对自然胁迫(例如捕食者)和人为胁迫(例如道路交通)时，有可能产生能够影响动物个体健康和生存的生理和行为反应。升高糖皮质激素浓度和增强警戒行为是哺乳动物应对捕食风险时在生理和行为上最常见的两种反捕食响应。动物的反捕食策略权衡了对反捕食响应和其他生命活动的投入，以在个体生存和繁殖间寻求最大适合度。本研究以分布于青海湖流域部分区域的成年雌性普氏原羚(Procapra przewalskii)为研究对象，应用非损伤取样法采集其新鲜粪便样品，使用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测粪样中的皮质醇含量；结合焦点动物全事件取样法和瞬时扫描法进行行为取样，使用广义线性混合模型分析不同胁迫对雌性普氏原羚粪便糖皮质激素代谢物(FGMs)和警戒行为的影响。结果显示，在雌性普氏原羚野生种群中，FGMs和主要警戒行为指标在产羔期高于交配期，繁殖状态是影响FGMs和警戒行为的主要因素(F=39.162,P < 0.001)。与捕食者和草原围栏相比，公路和铁路交通对普氏原羚生理应激的影响更大(F=87.482,P < 0.001)，人类活动是导致雌性普氏原羚FGMs升高的重要因素。因此，日益增多的人为活动对野生动物造成的负面影响是未来保护工作中无法回避的挑战，如何在经济社会发展和野生动物保护的矛盾中寻求平衡，实现人与自然和谐发展，应引起决策者更多的重视。

关键词： 普氏原羚; 粪便糖皮质激素; 警戒行为; 人为胁迫

本文引用格式

刘若爽 , 石建斌 , 刘定震 , 沈心晨 , 王庆庆 , 徐雪飞 , 郭冬生 , 董世魁 , 张毓 , 何玉邦 , 吴永林 . 普氏原羚警戒行为和生理应激的影响因素分析[J]. 兽类学报, 2023 , 43(5) : 479 -488 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150765

Abstract

Animals develop physiological and behavioral responses to cope with natural stressors (e. g., predators) or anthropogenic stressors (e. g., road traffic). However, these responses may affect the health and survival of individuals, leading to a range of serious wildlife conservation problems. Elevated glucocorticoid concentration and increased vigilance are two common responses to predation risk in mammals. Chronic high-level glucocorticoid concentration and vigilance occur at the expense of other life maintenance and reproduction activities, reflecting a trade-off between individual survival and future fecundity. In this study, a non-invasive sampling method was employed to collect fresh fecal samples from female Przewalski’s gazelles (Procapra przewalskii) and the cortisol concentrations in the samples were measured using ELISA. Focal-animal all-occurrence sampling and scan sampling of behavior were applied to collect data on the vigilance behaviour of female gazelles. Generalized linear mixed model was used to investigate the effects of different types of stressors on the fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) concentration and vigilance of female Przewalski’s gazelles. In wild Przewalski’s gazelle populations, reproductive status was the main factor influencing FGMs and vigilance (F = 39. 162, P < 0. 001), with higher FGMs and vigilance behavior in the lambing season than the rutting season. Anthropogenic stressors were important factors affecting FGMs of female Przewalski’s gazelles, with road and railway traffic contributing more to their physiological stress than natural predators and grassland fences (F = 87. 482, P < 0. 001). The negative impact of socio-economic development on wildlife is an inevitable challenge for Przewalski’s gazelle conservation. We should undertake great efforts to balance socio-economic development and wildlife conservation, and build a harmonious community for both humans and nature.

Key words： Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii); Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM); Vigilance; Anthropogenic stress

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