不同育幼方式及出生体重对大熊猫幼仔生长发育的影响

吴凯; 赖加莹; 魏明; 张亚辉; 曾宪垠; 魏荣平; 曹晓涵; 胡正泉; 曾文; 王承东; 孔繁丽

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150705

兽类学报 >

2024 , Vol. 44 >Issue 2: 217 - 223

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150705

研究论文

不同育幼方式及出生体重对大熊猫幼仔生长发育的影响

吴凯 ,
赖加莹 ,
魏明 ,
张亚辉 ,
曾宪垠 ,
魏荣平 ,
曹晓涵 ,
胡正泉 ,
曾文 ,
王承东 ,
孔繁丽

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1 中国大熊猫保护研究中心, 大熊猫国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 成都 610081;
2 四川农业大学生命科学学院, 雅安 625014

吴凯(1988-)，男，硕士，主要从事大熊猫人工育幼及亚成体阶段的饲养管理；赖加莹(2001-)，女，本科在读，生物技术专业.

收稿日期: 2022-03-12

修回日期: 2023-12-20

网络出版日期: 2024-04-03

基金资助

大熊猫国际合作项目(GH201708)

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Effects of fostering methods on the growth and development of giant panda cubs with different birth weight

WU Kai ,
LAI Jiaying ,
WEI Ming ,
ZHANG Yahui ,
ZENG Xianyin ,
WEI Rongping ,
CAO Xiao-han ,
HU Zhengquan ,
ZENG Wen ,
WANG Chengdong ,
KONG Fanli

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1 China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of SFGA on the Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China;
2 College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China

Received date: 2022-03-12

Revised date: 2023-12-20

Online published: 2024-04-03

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摘要

本研究以 2012—2019 年出生的 80 只大熊猫幼仔为研究对象，搜集幼仔早期发育 (0 ~ 120 日龄) 过程中日增重、乳饲喂量及眼和耳发育情况等生长发育指标数据，分析了出生体重 ([50, 100) g, n = 7; [100, 150) g, n = 25; [150,200) g, n = 37; [200, 250) g, n = 11)、喂养方式 (全母兽哺育，n = 12；全人工育幼，n = 10；人工与母兽交替育幼，n = 58) 和胎产仔数 (单胎，n = 14；双胎，n = 66) 对幼仔生长发育的影响。结果显示：(1) 单胎幼仔的出生体重显著高于双胎幼仔 (P < 0. 05)；(2) 幼仔早期生长发育状况与其育幼方式和出生体重密切相关 (R² > 0. 973 7)，出生体重越高，幼仔体重增长率越快；(3) 出生体重越轻的幼仔缩水量越少，但缩水量占出生体重比更高。此外，出生体重超轻的幼仔，其耳朵与眼睛的发育更慢。本研究可为大熊猫育幼方式的选择和改进提供一定的数据支撑。

关键词： 熊猫幼仔; 育幼; 出生体重; 缩水量; 生长发育

本文引用格式

吴凯 , 赖加莹 , 魏明 , 张亚辉 , 曾宪垠 , 魏荣平 , 曹晓涵 , 胡正泉 , 曾文 , 王承东 , 孔繁丽 . 不同育幼方式及出生体重对大熊猫幼仔生长发育的影响[J]. 兽类学报, 2024 , 44(2) : 217 -223 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150705

Abstract

In this study, 80 giant panda cubs born between 2012 and 2019 were selected to systematically study the effects of birth weight ([50, 100) g, n = 7; [100, 150) g, n = 25; [150, 200) g, n = 37; [200, 250) g, n = 11), fostering method (female feeding, n = 12; artificial feeding, n = 10; artificial and female alternate feeding, n = 58) and fetal litter size (single, n = 14, and twins, n = 66) on the growth and development of the cubs. We collected the daily gain, milk feeding amount, and eye and ear development during the early development of the cubs (from 0 to 120 days). The results showed that the birth weight of singleton pups was significantly higher than that of twin pups (P < 0. 05). We also found that the early growth and development of pups are closely related to their cub-fostering methods and birth weight (R² > 0. 973 7). The greater the birth weight of the pups, the greater the growth rate. The lighter the birth weight of the cubs, the lower the shrinkage, but the higher ratio of shrinkage to its birth weight. In addition, the lighter the birth weight of pups, the lower the developmental status of their ears and eyes. In conclusion, our study provides a theoretical basis on the selection of and the improvement of cub-fostering methods for the giant panda.

Key words： Giant panda cubs; Cub-fostering; Birth weight; Shrinkage; Growth

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