兽类学报 >

2024 , Vol. 44 >Issue 6: 717 - 728

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150944

研究论文

祁连山国家公园青海片区疏勒河源区雪豹占域率及种群数量估计

  • 李彦知 ,
  • 姜楠 ,
  • 马存新 ,
  • 贾丁 ,
  • 高雅月 ,
  • 黄红 ,
  • 赵翔 ,
  • 史湘莹 ,
  • 李雪阳 ,
  • 吕植
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  • 1 山水自然保护中心, 北京 100871;
    2 祁连山国家公园青海省管理局, 西宁 810000;
    3 北京大学自然保护与社会发展研究中心, 北京 100871;
    4 中国绿化基金会, 北京 100013;
    5 北京大学国家发展研究院, 北京 100871
李彦知(1996-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事动物生态学研究.

收稿日期: 2024-04-30

  修回日期: 2024-08-19

  网络出版日期: 2024-08-19

基金资助

青海省祁连山自然保护区管理局-祁连山国家公园青海片区天峻县区域雪豹种群调查项目；中国绿化基金会-一汽丰田2018-2020年度祁连山国家公园和藏东南雪豹研究与保护项目；濒危旗舰动物种群及栖息地监测评估与恢复技术(2022YFF1301503)

收起

The occupancy rate and population estimation of snow leopards in the source of Shule River, Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai)

  • LI Yanzhi ,
  • JIANG Nan ,
  • MA Cunxin ,
  • JIA Ding ,
  • GAO Yayue ,
  • HUANG Hong ,
  • ZHAO Xiang ,
  • SHI Xiangying ,
  • LI Xueyang ,
  • Lü Zhi
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  • 1 Shan Shui Conservation Center, Beijing 100871, China;
    2 Qilian Mountain National Park Qinghai Provincial Administration Bureau, Xining 810000, China;
    3 Center for Nature and Society, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    4 China Green Foundation, Beijing 100013, China;
    5 National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received date: 2024-04-30

  Revised date: 2024-08-19

  Online published: 2024-08-19

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摘要

雪豹(Panthera uncia)广泛分布在中亚高山地带，是高山生态系统的旗舰物种。祁连山地区是全球雪豹景观保护单元之一，具有较高的保护价值。以往研究多集中在祁连山国家公园甘肃片区，青海片区的雪豹栖息地利用和种群状态尚缺乏了解。2018—2021年，本研究团队在祁连山国家公园青海片区的疏勒河源区开展了红外相机监测，利用单物种多季节占域模型分析了2019—2021年每年冬季的雪豹占域率及影响因素，并通过标记重捕模型估计了雪豹种群数量。2018—2021年，红外相机累计有效工作日为37 614 d，获取雪豹独立捕获674次。占域模型显示，2019—2021年1—3月的雪豹平均占域率为0.50 ±0.11，年份间的定居率为0.25 ±0.08，局部灭绝率为0.11 ±0.08。雪豹占域率主要受到海拔的负向影响(β=-1.20 ±0.58,P=0.04)，以及岩羊(Pseudois nay-aur)相对多度指数的正向影响(β=1.83 ±1.05,P=0.08)，海拔的影响结果与以往祁连山国家公园甘肃片区的研究存在差异，可能与研究区域的地形和猎物资源分布相关。调查期间累计记录88只雪豹独立个体，标记重捕模型显示，2019—2021年雪豹的种群数量分别为(36 ±7)只、(16 ±4)只和(22 ±5)只，稳定记录的个体占比少，可能与祁连山位于雪豹种群的沟通廊道上有关。本研究结果显示，祁连山国家公园青海片区疏勒河源区的雪豹栖息地利用和种群密度与公园内其他区域存在较大差异，应整合国家公园各区域雪豹监测数据进行分析评估，从而整体制定保护管理措施。

关键词： 雪豹; 祁连山; 种群数量; 占域模型; 红外相机

本文引用格式

李彦知 , 姜楠 , 马存新 , 贾丁 , 高雅月 , 黄红 , 赵翔 , 史湘莹 , 李雪阳 , 吕植 . 祁连山国家公园青海片区疏勒河源区雪豹占域率及种群数量估计[J]. 兽类学报, 2024 , 44(6) : 717 -728 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150944

Abstract

The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is widely distributed in the mountainous area of Central Asia and is the flagship species of the alpine ecosystem. The Qilian Mountain, one of the global snow leopard Landscape Conservation Units, is crucial for snow leopard conservation across its range. However, previous studies in Qilian Mountain National Park were mostly conducted in areas located in Gansu Province, and the habitat use and population size of snow leopard in the Qinghai portion remain poorly studied, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the species status. From 2018 to 2021, we carried out a camera trap monitoring at the source of Shule River of Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai). We analyzed the snow leopard occupancy rate, colonization probability, and extinction probability during the winter of 2019–2021 through a single-species multiple-season occupancy model, and then estimated the snow leopard population size using capture-recapture model. The effective working days of camera traps accumulated to 37 614 days and 674 snow leopard independent captures were obtained. The mean occupancy rate of snow leopards in January – March of 2019 – 2021 was 0. 50 ±0. 11, the colonization probability was 0. 25 ±0. 08, and the extinction probability was 0. 11 ±0. 08. The main environmental factors affecting the snow leopard occupancy rate were altitude and the relative abundance of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur). The altitude had a significant negative effect (β = -1. 20 ±0. 58, P= 0. 04), which was different from previous studies in Gansu, Qilian Mountain National Park. The relative abundance of blue sheep had a positive effect (β = 1. 83 ±1. 05, P= 0. 08). We identified 88 snow leopard individuals within the monitoring period, and the capture-recapture model showed that the population of snow leopards in this area was 36 ±7, 16 ±4, and 22 ±5 during 2019, 2020, and 2021. Only a few individuals were recorded more than two consecutive years, indicating that the source of the Shule River in Qilian Mountains might be an important corridor for snow leopards. Considering the significant differences in snow leopard habitat use and variability of the population estimation discovered in our study, the conservation and management strategies for Qilian Mountain should be informed by a comprehensive assessment of the entire area.

Key words： Panthera uncia; Qilian Mountain; Population size; Occupancy model; Camera trap

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