白头叶猴两性新群形成的两种方式

陈晓露; 刘银树; 易柏君; 周岐海; 刘若爽; 范鹏来

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150990

兽类学报 >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 4: 485 - 491

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150990

研究论文

白头叶猴两性新群形成的两种方式

陈晓露 ,
刘银树 ,
易柏君 ,
周岐海 ,
刘若爽 ,
范鹏来

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1 珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室, 广西师范大学, 桂林 541006;
2 广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室, 广西师范大学, 桂林 541006;
3 崇左白头叶猴野外科学观测研究站, 广西师范大学, 桂林 541006

陈晓露(2000-)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事灵长类行为生态学研究.E-mail:2028129202@qq.com;刘银树(2000-)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事灵长类行为生态学研究.E-mail:1718119773@qq.com.

收稿日期: 2024-07-31

修回日期: 2024-11-26

网络出版日期: 2024-11-26

基金资助

广西自然科学基金重点项目(2022GXNSFDA08004)；国家自然科学基金(32470497，32170492，31900335)；广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科23026190)

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Two ways of new bisexual group formation in the white-headed langur

CHEN Xiaolu ,
LIU Yinshu ,
YI Bojun ,
ZHOU Qihai ,
LIU Ruoshuang ,
FAN Penglai

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1 Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China;
2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China;
3 Chongzuo White-Headed Langur Field Scientific Observation Research Station, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China

Received date: 2024-07-31

Revised date: 2024-11-26

Online published: 2024-11-26

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摘要

白头叶猴(Trachypithecus leucocephalus)是我国特有的非人灵长类动物，栖息在广西西南部的喀斯特石山森林中，具有一雄多雌的两性群和全雄群两种基本社会组织，其两性群的形成过程一直缺乏关注和研究。本研究基于长期的野外观察，记录了白头叶猴雄性取代后形成两性新群的详细过程，发现白头叶猴雄性接管后，由于雌性选择而形成两种不同的成群方式。其一是雄性接管后雌性分散，一个群被分散成两个群。在这种方式中，携带婴幼猴的大多数雌性会选择与被接管的雄性继续生活，从而有效避免杀婴。在栖息地受限的情况下，群体一分为二，分别占据前猴群的家域，这可能是白头叶猴适应栖息环境不足的行为策略。另一种情况是雄性接管后雌性不分散。这种方式表明，雄性白头叶猴的身体质量是雌性选择的重要原因，即使存在被杀婴的风险，雌性还是倾向选择更强壮的雄性。研究表明，雌性避免被杀婴和选择更强壮的雄性作为两种共存的方式驱动白头叶猴形成新的两性群，强调雌性选择在白头叶猴形成新的两性群时发挥的重要作用。本研究为进一步理解白头叶猴的社会体系提供了新的视角。

关键词： 白头叶猴; 雄性竞争; 雌性选择; 群体形成

本文引用格式

陈晓露 , 刘银树 , 易柏君 , 周岐海 , 刘若爽 , 范鹏来 . 白头叶猴两性新群形成的两种方式[J]. 兽类学报, 2025 , 45(4) : 485 -491 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150990

Abstract

White-headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) are endemic to China and inhabit the karst hill forests in the southwestern region of Guangxi. They exhibit two fundamental social organizations: one-male multi-female bisexual group and all-male group. However, the formation of bisexual groups has been insufficiently explored. Based on a long-period field observation, this study meticulously documented the male takeover process in white-headed langur and identifies two distinct shaped by female choice following male takeover. The first path involves female dispersal, leading to the splitting of a single group into two groups. Specifically, females with younger infants chose to stay with the displaced male, thereby reducing the risk of infanticide. In habitats with limited availability, two new groups took over the former group’s home range, which may represent a behavioral adaptation strategy for white-headed langurs. The second path is that females didn’t disperse after the male takeover. This way suggested that body mass of male white-headed langurs is an important factor in female choice. Despite the threat of infanticide, females selected the stronger male. The study revealed that the avoidance of infanticide and the preference for stronger male by females are pivotal driver force in the formation of new bisexual groups, emphasizing the critical influence of female choice. This research offers new insights into the social systems of white-headed langurs.

Key words： White-headed langur; Male-male competition; Female choice; Group formation

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