兽类学报 >

2024 , Vol. 44 >Issue 6: 749 - 761

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150969

研究论文

祁连山豺的分布现状及适宜栖息地预测

  • 刘炎林 ,
  • 王一丹 ,
  • 李祎斌 ,
  • 余辰星 ,
  • 王忠骅 ,
  • 胡大志 ,
  • 马存新 ,
  • 王大军 ,
  • 李晟
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  • 1 青海师范大学生命科学学院, 西宁 810016;
    2 北京大学生命科学学院, 北京 100871;
    3 北京大学生态研究中心, 北京 100871;
    4 甘肃盐池湾国家级自然保护区管护中心, 酒泉 736300;
    5 甘肃张掖国家级自然保护区管护中心, 张掖 734000;
    6 祁连山国家公园青海省管理局, 西宁 810000
刘炎林(1981-),男,博士,主要从事野生动物生态学研究;王一丹(1998-)，女，博士研究生，主要从事野生动物生态学研究.

收稿日期: 2024-06-17

  修回日期: 2024-09-11

  网络出版日期: 2024-12-02

基金资助

青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”项目；青海师范大学高层次人才引进与培养项目启动资金；科技部国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1301500)；祁连山国家公园青海管理局豺本底调查项目；质兰公益基金会“祁连山西段旱峡-石油河豺种群现状评估与保护探索”；万物影像保护先锋计划“共存的希望：寻找最后的北方豺”

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The current distribution and prediction of suitable habitat of dhole (Cuon alpinus) in Qilian Mountains, China

  • LIU Yanlin ,
  • WANG Yidan ,
  • LI Yibin ,
  • YU Chenxing ,
  • WANG Zhonghua ,
  • HU Dazhi ,
  • MA Cunxin ,
  • WANG Dajun ,
  • LI Sheng
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  • 1 School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China;
    2 School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    3 Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    4 Gansu Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve Management Center, Jiuquan 736300, China;
    5 Gansu Zhangye National Nature Reserve Administration, Zhangye 734000, China;
    6 Qilianshan National Park Qinghai Administration, Xining 810000, China

Received date: 2024-06-17

  Revised date: 2024-09-11

  Online published: 2024-12-02

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摘要

自二十世纪中期以来，我国豺(Cuon alpinus)的种群数量和分布范围急剧缩减，但对其分布现状的了解十分缺乏，成为开展针对性保护规划和行动时所亟需解决的问题。祁连山近年来频繁记录到豺的出现，为掌握豺在祁连山的分布现状，本研究基于红外相机调查和野外目击报道，系统整理了2016—2024年豺在祁连山的出现信息。基于四大类24个环境变量，使用集成物种分布模型预测了豺在祁连山的适宜栖息地分布。在研究区内共收集豺的野外确认出现位点90个，其中祁连山国家公园边界范围内、外分别有61个和29个。国家公园甘肃片区内的酒泉管辖片区的位点最多(n=38)，其次是张掖管辖片区(n=18)；青海片区仅有5个。集成模型(AUC=0.974,TSS=0.864)结果显示，豺在祁连山的适宜栖息地总面积约1.06×105km2，主要分布在甘青两省边界线两侧，以及青海省宗务隆山；其中，祁连山国家公园边界范围内的适宜栖息地总面积3.91×104 km2。崎岖度、家畜密度和年平均气温是影响豺栖息地适宜度的最重要因素。相较于IUCN提供的物种分布范围图层，本研究证实并细化了豺在祁连山的分布，填补了豺分布的知识空缺。甘肃省肃北县县城周边山地和青海省宗务隆山、大通山和托来山等地区是目前豺调查的空白区域，亟待在后续调查中加以关注。在今后祁连山国家公园建设中，建议考虑采取雪豹(Panthera uncia)和豺并重的双旗舰物种保护策略，以推动对祁连山豺种群的深入调查与有效保护。

关键词： 豺; 大型食肉动物; 顶级捕食者; 栖息地适宜度; 物种分布模型; 祁连山

本文引用格式

刘炎林 , 王一丹 , 李祎斌 , 余辰星 , 王忠骅 , 胡大志 , 马存新 , 王大军 , 李晟 . 祁连山豺的分布现状及适宜栖息地预测[J]. 兽类学报, 2024 , 44(6) : 749 -761 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150969

Abstract

Since the mid-20th Century, the population size and distribution range of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in China have dramatically decreased, and a lack of knowledge of their current distribution status has become a key obstacle to be ur‐gently resolved in order to develop specific conservation planning and action. The occurrence of dholes has been frequently reported in recent years in the Qilian Mountains, the largest mountain system on the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. To determine the current distribution status of dholes in the Qilian Mountains, we systematically compiled information on dhole occurrences based on camera-trapping surveys and direct observation reports from 2016 to 2024. We predicted the habitat suitability for dholes in the Qilian Mountains using an ensemble species distribution model by incorporating 24 environmental variables across four categories. The results showed that a total of 90 confirmed dhole occurrence locations were collected, among which 61 and 29 locations are inside and outside Qilianshan National Park (Pilot site), respectively. Within the national park, the Jiuquan section had the most locations (n= 38), followed by Zhangye section (n= 18), while the Qinghai section had only 5 locations. The ensemble model (AUC = 0. 974, TSS = 0. 864) showed that the total area of suitable habitat for dholes in the Qilian Mountains was about 1. 06×105km2, mainly distributed along the border between Gansu and Qinghai provinces, as well as in Zongwulong Mountain of Qinghai Province. The total area of suitable habitat within the Qilianshan National Park (Pilot site) was 3. 91×104 km2. Ruggedness, density of livestock, and annual mean temperature were the most important factors influencing the habitat suitability of dholes. Compared with the range maps provided by IUCN, we confirm and refine the distribution of dholes in the Qilian Mountains, thereby filling a key knowledge gap. The mountains around the Subei County in Gansu Province, and the Zongwulong Mountain, Datong Mountain and Tolai Mountain in Qinghai Province currently lack dhole surveys, which requires specific attention in future investigations. We recommend adopting a dual flagship species conservation strategy that emphasizes both snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and dholes in the future construction of the Qilianshan National Park to promote comprehensive surveys and effective protection of the dholes.

Key words： Dhole(Cuon alpinus); Large carnivores; Apex predator; Habitat suitability; Species distribution model; Qilian Mountains

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