中国现生哺乳动物模式产地的空间分布与保护学思考

葛德燕; 温知新; 李睿; 刘启涛; 杨奇森

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150984

兽类学报 >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 1: 17 - 27

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150984

研究论文

中国现生哺乳动物模式产地的空间分布与保护学思考

葛德燕 ,
温知新 ,
李睿 ,
刘启涛 ,
杨奇森

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1 中国科学院动物进化与系统学院重点实验室, 中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101;
2 新疆大学生命科学与技术学院, 新疆生物资源与基因工程重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830046;
3 中国科学院大学生命科学学院, 北京 100049

葛德燕(1980-)，女，博士，研究员，主要从事哺乳动物分类与系统学和适应性进化方面的研究.

收稿日期: 2024-07-19

修回日期: 2024-12-25

网络出版日期: 2025-01-23

基金资助

青藏高原第二次综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0501/2019QZKK0402)；西藏重点地区野生动植物多样性考察(ZL202303601)；中国科学院动物研究所自主部署项目(2023IOZ0104)

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Spatial distribution and conservation implications of the type localities of mammals in China

GE Deyan ,
WEN Zhixin ,
LI Rui ,
LIU Qitao ,
YANG Qisen

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1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang Univer- sity, Urumqi 830046, China;
3 College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2024-07-19

Revised date: 2024-12-25

Online published: 2025-01-23

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摘要

模式产地是物种被人类首次正式描记所依据的标本所采集的地理位置，在生物分类学、系统发育重建和生物进化研究中，来自模式产地的样本被认为在分类学上更可靠，与其他地理种群相比较能更好地代表物种当前的进化状态。此外，这些样本在生物科学其他领域的研究和种质资源保存方面也具有重要意义。本文基于对中国分布哺乳动物有效种模式产地信息的梳理，开展了其空间分布密度及其在不同历史时期集中发现区域变化情况的分析。结果显示，中国现生哺乳动物有效种中约42%物种的模式产地分布在国内，藏东南、横断山和台湾是我国现生哺乳动物模式产地高度聚集的区域，国内分布现生哺乳动物的模式产地中有超过54%的种类(超过170种)分布在这些区域。通过对不同历史时期发现哺乳动物模式产地密度的分析揭示，早期描述的大多数物种的模式产地并不在国内,这与林奈双名法提出后，生物分类学首先在欧洲发展起来有关，同时也与这些物种有更为广泛的分布区有关。喜马拉雅山脉、横断山和台湾也是1800年以来新物种发现较为集中分布的区域，这与区域内分布大量特有物种、狭域分布种有关。关注哺乳动物模式产地集中分布区域，并加快地模标本和高质量遗传资源的收集与保存对于我国生物多样性保护和研究，以及下一代生物分类学者的培养意义重大。

关键词： 哺乳动物; 模式产地; 空间分布; 基因组资源

本文引用格式

葛德燕 , 温知新 , 李睿 , 刘启涛 , 杨奇森 . 中国现生哺乳动物模式产地的空间分布与保护学思考[J]. 兽类学报, 2025 , 45(1) : 17 -27 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150984

Abstract

The type locality of a species refers to the geographical location where the specimen was firstly collected and described. In biological taxonomy, phylogenetic reconstruction, and evolutionary studies, samples from the type locality are considered more reliable taxonomically and can better represent the current evolutionary state of the species compared to other geographic populations. Moreover, these samples are also important in research across various fields of biological science and in the preservation of genomic resources. Based on the analysis of the spatial distribution density and changes in the areas where type localities of valid species of extant mammals in China were discovered in different historical periods, this article collected the coordinate information on type localities for all of these valid species. The results show that approximately 42% of the valid species of extant mammals in China have their original type localities within the country. The Himalaya mountains, Hengduan Mountains, and Taiwan are regions where type localities of extant mammals in China are highly concentrated, with over 54% of the species (over 170 species) distributed in these areas. Analysis of the density of type localities of mammals discovered in different historical periods reveals that most species described in the early history were not within China. This is related to the development of taxonomy in Europe after the introduction of Linnaeus’s binomial nomenclature, as well as to the broader distribution of these species. The Himalayan Mountains, the Hengduan Mountains, and Taiwan have been areas where new species have been more concentratedly discovered since 1800, which is related to the presence of a large number of endemic and narrowly distributed species in these areas. Focusing on the regions where topotypes of extant mammals are concentrated and accelerating the collection and preservation of type specimens and high-quality genetic resources are of great significance for the protection and research of biodiversity in China, as well as for the training of the next generation of taxonomists.

Key words： Mammalian; Type locality; Spatial distribution; Genomic resources

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