海南猕猴的种群数量与分布现状

陈光乐; 邢露; 杜宛儒; 任宝平

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150889

兽类学报 >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 1: 28 - 35

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150889

研究论文

海南猕猴的种群数量与分布现状

陈光乐 ,
邢露 ,
杜宛儒 ,
任宝平

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热带岛屿生态学教育部重点实验室, 海南省热带动植物生态学重点实验室, 海南师范大学生命科学学院, 海口 571158

陈光乐(1995-)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事动物行为及生理生态学研究.

收稿日期: 2023-12-14

修回日期: 2024-06-06

网络出版日期: 2025-01-23

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(32070454)；海南师范大学科研启动项目

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Population sizes and spatial distribution of Macaca mulatta brevicaudus in Hainan, China

CHEN Guangle ,
XING Lu ,
DU Wanru ,
REN Baoping

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Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hain- an Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China

Received date: 2023-12-14

Revised date: 2024-06-06

Online published: 2025-01-23

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摘要

猕猴(Macaca mulatta)是我国二级重点保护野生动物，海南猕猴(M.m.brevicaudus)是该物种在中国分布纬度最低的一个亚种，目前主要分布在海南岛。有关海南猕猴数量和分布的科研文献记录停滞于30年前。为更好地保护海南猕猴，亟需对其开展种群数量和分布等本底资源调查。2021年6月至2023年12月，结合文献资料信息、访问调查和实地调研相结合的方式，对海南全境的猕猴种群数量和分布进行系统调查。调查发现：(1)目前海南岛生活着204个群体约5 100只猕猴个体，这些猴群的分布范围不足海南岛总面积的1%，主要集中于海南岛南部山区；(2)海南猕猴群体平均大小为(25 ±11)只，是中国6个猕猴亚种中最小的；(3)按其分布的空间距离和猴群的生存状态，划分为8个分布区域；(4)近30年来，海南猕猴的分布范围呈现极度缩小趋势，由35年前的18个县市缩减到目前的10个；(5)96.1%的海南猕猴群体生活于各个保护区中。建议重点关注孤立的猕猴群体，优先关注文昌市的一群。强烈的人为干扰、栖息地退化和生境丧失是海南猕猴生存的主要威胁。

关键词： 海南岛; 海南猕猴; 数量和分布; 主要威胁

本文引用格式

陈光乐 , 邢露 , 杜宛儒 , 任宝平 . 海南猕猴的种群数量与分布现状[J]. 兽类学报, 2025 , 45(1) : 28 -35 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150889

Abstract

Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is a second-class protected species in China, and its subspecies the Hainan macaque (M. m. brevicaudus) is only found in Hainan Island, at the lowest latitude in China. Information on population size and spatial distribution of this subspecies dated from 30 years ago. It is urgent to obtain population size and distribution as the baseline information for the sake of conservation of Hainan macaques. From June 2021 to December 2023, a systematic survey of this subspecies was conducted via literature, questionnaire, and field investigation. We found 204 groups (5 100 individuals) of Hainan macaques inhabiting Hainan Island. These groups occupied less than 1% of the island area, mainly in the southern mountainous region. The average group size of the Hainan macaque is 25 ±11 individuals, which is the smallest among the six rhesus macaque subspecies in China. Eight isolated subpopulations of those 204 groups were identified based on their spatial distances and living status. Over the past 30 years, the distribution range of Hainan macaques has markedly shrunk, and the number of counties where the species has been recorded reduced from 18 to 10. About 96. 1% of the macaque groups are now restricted to nature reserves. We suggest those isolated groups should be paid more attention for the sake of conservation, especially the group in Wenchang. Strong human disturbance, habitat degradation, and habitat loss are the main threats to the survival of Hainan macaques.

Key words： Hainan Island; Hainan macaques; Population size and distribution; Survival threat

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