贵州仁怀食肉目动物的空间生态关系初探
收稿日期: 2024-01-29
录用日期: 2024-10-15
网络出版日期: 2025-06-03
基金资助
中国酱酒核心产区仁怀生物多样性调查评价 [GZBL-CG22-A(2022-152号)
Preliminary exploration of the spatial ecological relationships of Carnivorous species in Renhuai, Guizhou
Received date: 2024-01-29
Accepted date: 2024-10-15
Online published: 2025-06-03
贵州省仁怀市是中国西部经济十强县之一，人为干扰严重，城镇化程度较高，为了解这一特殊区域食肉目动物的种间生态空间关系，进而阐明其生存与分布状况。本研究于2022年10月至2023年11月对仁怀市内区域开展连续红外相机监测和野外调查，采用MaxEnt模型预测和评估区域内中小型食肉目动物适宜栖息地分布特征，并结合模型结果使用ENMTools分析物种种间生态位重叠现状。结果表明：(1) 研究区域内食肉目动物的适宜栖息地分布格局相似，主要分布在仁怀市南部和东部，但各个物种间适宜栖息地面积大小存在差异，其中猪獾 (Arctonyx collaris) 的适宜栖息地面积最大 (1 288.023 km2)；亚洲狗獾 (Meles leucurus) 的适宜栖息地面积最小 (615.867 km2)。(2) 研究区7种食肉目物种对不同环境因子的选择和响应存在明显的差异：全年气温范围对豹猫 (Prionailurus bengalensis)、亚洲狗獾、花面狸 (Paguma larvata) 和小灵猫 (Viverricula indica) 等4种食肉目物种的分布影响最为明显；黄腹鼬 (Mustela kathiah) 和猪獾的分布则更多受到归一化植被指数 (NDVI) 的影响；降水季节性是影响鼬獾 (Melogale moschata) 分布最主要的环境因子。(3) 研究区7种食肉目物种间的空间生态位重叠度和地理分布重叠度均较高。本研究初步探明了仁怀市食肉目动物的适宜栖息地分布特征及其在城镇环境下的空间关系，可为区域生物多样性保护和管理提供科学支持。
王维熙 , 刘义 , 向丹 , 黄继池 , 岳立 , 陈浩 , 李仕泽 , 张明明 . 贵州仁怀食肉目动物的空间生态关系初探[J]. 兽类学报, 2025 , 45(3) : 312 -323 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150911
Renhuai City is one of the top ten economic counties in western China, with severe human disturbance and a high degree of urbanization. To understand the interspecific ecological spatial relationships of carnivorous species in this area and clarify their survival and distribution within the region, we conducted a series of field surveys and monitoring with infrared cameras in the whole area of Renhuai City from October 2022 to November 2023. We analyzed the spatial ecological relationships of seven medium and small-sized carnivorous species using species distribution modeling and assessed their interspecific ecological niche overlap using ENMTools. The results show that the distribution patterns of suitable habitats for the seven carnivorous species in the study area are similar and distributed mainly in the southern and eastern parts of Renhuai City. However, the sizes of suitable habitats differed among the species, with Arctonyx collaris occupying the largest suitable habitat area (1 288.023 km2) and Meles leucurus occupying the smallest area (615.867 km2). We detected significant differences in the selection and response to different environmental factors among the seven species. Temperature annual range is the dominant factor driving the distributions of Prionailurus bengalensis, Meles leucurus, Paguma larvata, and Viverricula indica. The distributions of Mustela kathiah and Arctonyx collaris are mainly affected by the normalized difference vegetation index, while the most important factor affecting the distribution of the Melogale moschata is precipitation seasonality. The environmental ecological niches and geographical distributions of the seven carnivorous species overlapped highly in the study area. This study reveals the distribution characteristics of suitable habitats for seven carnivorous species and their spatial relationships in Renhuai City, and provides scientific support for regional biodiversity conservation and management.
Key words： Carnivora species; MaxEnt model; Habitat prediction; Urbanization; Renhuai
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