兽类学报 >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 4: 446 - 456

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150961

研究论文

基于稳定同位素技术的高原鼠兔营养生态位特征

  • 周睿 ,
  • 宋梅玲 ,
  • 王玉琴 ,
  • 王宏生 ,
  • 马源
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  • 省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810016
周睿(1991-)，男，助理研究员，主要从事小型哺乳动物生态学及鼠害防控研究.E-mail:zhourui@qhu.edu.cn.

收稿日期: 2024-05-22

  修回日期: 2024-09-12

  网络出版日期: 2025-08-01

基金资助

青海省自然科学基金(2024-ZJ-708)；青海大学青年科研基金(2021-QNY-7)；青海省“高端创新人才计划”(引进拔尖人才)；国家林草局草地啮齿动物危害防控创新团队资助

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Trophic inches characteristic of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) in alpine meadows determined by stable isotope analysis

  • ZHOU Rui ,
  • SONG Meiling ,
  • WANG Yuqin ,
  • WANG Hongsheng ,
  • MA Yuan
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  • State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine/Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining 810016, China

Received date: 2024-05-22

  Revised date: 2024-09-12

  Online published: 2025-08-01

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摘要

了解不同种群密度高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)的营养生态位特征，对于全面认识高原鼠兔干扰对草地生态系统的影响，以及科学界定其危害具有重要意义。本研究以青藏高原高寒草甸优势小型哺乳动物高原鼠兔为研究对象，利用稳定同位素(13C和15N)技术研究不同种群密度高原鼠兔的营养生态位特征。结果表明：(1)不同种群密度高原鼠兔15N和13C稳定同位素在肝脏和肌肉组织中富集的时间最短，在毛发和骨骼组织中富集的时间最长，且高密度种群的δ13C和δ15N值远高于中密度和低密度种群；(2)在低、中、高3个密度梯度种群中，高原鼠兔的骨骼和毛发组织中反映的摄食来源营养层次(氮值范围，δ15N range，NR)、摄食来源的多样性水平(碳值范围，δ13C range，CR)、δ13C/δ15N围成的凸多边形总面积(total area,TA)和校正后的总面积(corrected standard ellipse area, SEAC)均高于肌肉和肝脏组织，且在中密度高原鼠兔种群肝脏、肌肉和毛发组织中的NR、CR、TA和SEAC均最大，而在低密度种群中，高原鼠兔骨骼组织中反映的上述4种营养生态位指标最大；(3)高原鼠兔肝脏、肌肉和毛发组织中营养生态位宽度在中密度种群远高于高密度和低密度种群，且不同密度种群均有营养生态位重叠。其中骨骼和毛发组织中不同种群间的营养生态位重叠度高于肌肉和肝脏组织。初步推测，受益于中度干扰效应，中密度高原鼠兔种群的摄食来源多样性、营养生态位宽度和面积高于低密度和高密度种群，因此中密度高原鼠兔种群有着更好的生境适合度。建议重点关注中密度(相对种群密度范围：24.94%~37.21%)高原鼠兔种群的动态特征，并采取适当的防治措施，以免其种群密度过高对草地造成不可逆的损害。

关键词： 高寒草甸; 高原鼠兔; 营养生态位; 稳定同位素; 贝叶斯椭圆

本文引用格式

周睿 , 宋梅玲 , 王玉琴 , 王宏生 , 马源 . 基于稳定同位素技术的高原鼠兔营养生态位特征[J]. 兽类学报, 2025 , 45(4) : 446 -456 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150961

Abstract

Understanding the nutritional niche relationships of plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) at different population densities is crucial for comprehending their impact on grassland ecosystems and defining their ecological significance. This study investigates the nutritional niche characteristics of plateau pikas in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s alpine meadow using stable isotope (13C and 15N) techniques. Results showed that 15N and 13C stable isotopes enrich the fastest in liver and muscle tissues and the slowest in fur and bones. High-density pika populations have significantly higher δ13C and δ15N values than medium and low density populations. In the low, medium and high density populations, the trophic level (δ15N range, NR), dietary diversity (δ13C range, CR), convex polygon area (total area, TA), and corrected standard ellipse area (SEAC) reflected in the bone and fur tissues of the plateau pika were all higher than those in muscle and liver tissues. In the medium density population, the NR, CR, TA, and SEAC in liver, muscle, and fur tissues of the plateau pika were the largest, while in the low density population, the above four nutritional niche indicators reflected in the bone tissue of the plateau pika were the largest. Stable isotope niche widths in liver, muscle, and fur tissues are much broader in medium-density populations than in high- and low-density populations, with niche overlap across three population densities of plateau pika. Bone and fur tissues exhibit higher niche overlap than muscle and liver tissues. We speculate that medium-density pika populations benefit from moderate disturbance effect, resulting in higher dietary diversity, nutritional niche width and area, thus better habitat suitability. It is recommended that local forestry and grassland authorities monitor medium-density pika populations (relative population density: 24. 94% - 37. 21%) and implement appropriate control measures to prevent irreversible damage to grasslands from overly high densities.

Key words： Alpine meadow; Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae); Trophic niche; Stable isotope; Bayesian ellipse

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