贺兰山东坡岩羊夏冬季肠道菌群组成的性别差异

孙凯; 祝招玲; 娜荷芽; 郝淑香; 梁咏亮; 徐皓; 阿丽玛; 刘振生; 滕丽微

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150953

兽类学报 >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 4: 492 - 502

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.150953

研究论文

贺兰山东坡岩羊夏冬季肠道菌群组成的性别差异

孙凯 ,
祝招玲 ,
娜荷芽 ,
郝淑香 ,
梁咏亮 ,
徐皓 ,
阿丽玛 ,
刘振生 ,
滕丽微

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1 东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院, 哈尔滨 150040;
2 内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局, 阿拉善 750306;
3 宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局, 银川 750021;
4 国家林业和草原局野生动物保护学重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150040

孙凯(1999-)，男，硕士，主要从事动物生态学研究.

收稿日期: 2024-05-13

修回日期: 2024-10-15

网络出版日期: 2025-08-01

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(32071649)；宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区项目(D6400000141009053_2，D6400000141009056_2)；内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区综合科学考察项目

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Gender difference in gut microbiota composition of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) on the eastern slope of the Helan Mountains between summer and winter

SUN Kai ,
ZHU Zhaoling ,
Naheya ,
HAO Shuxiang ,
LIANG Yongliang ,
XU Hao ,
Alima ,
LIU Zhen-sheng ,
TENG Liwei

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1 College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
2 Administration of Helan Mountain National Natural Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia, Alxa 750306, China;
3 Administration of Helan Mountain National Natural Nature Reserve in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China;
4 Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin 150040, China

Received date: 2024-05-13

Revised date: 2024-10-15

Online published: 2025-08-01

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摘要

肠道菌群在调控野生动物的生理健康方面发挥着重要作用，其组成结构可受多种因素影响。近年来，动物肠道菌群的性别差异逐渐成为研究热点，但针对野生岩羊的相关研究仍然有限。本研究以贺兰山岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)为研究对象，于2017年夏季和冬季在宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区通过样线法采集新鲜粪便，对81份非重复个体的粪便样品进行16S rRNA测序，按季节和性别分组，旨在探究贺兰山东坡岩羊两性间肠道菌群组成及多样性的差异并探讨性别影响肠道菌群的可能机制。结果显示：厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为贺兰山岩羊肠道微生物群落中的优势菌门。Alpha多样性分析显示，夏季雌性岩羊肠道菌群的Shannon指数极显著高于雄性(P < 0.01)；冬季雌、雄性岩羊肠道菌群的Chao1和Shannon指数不存在显著差异(P > 0.05)。PCoA和Anosim分析发现，夏季和冬季雌、雄性岩羊的肠道菌群结构均存在极显著差异(P < 0.01)。T-test检验和LEfSe分析发现，夏季雌性肠道菌群中厚壁菌门、黑水仙菌门(Melainabacteria)、瘤胃菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、梭菌纲(Clostridia)和梭菌目(Clostridiales)的相对丰度显著高于雄性，而拟杆菌门、拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidia)、拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)、Mailhella、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和Tyzzerella的相对丰度显著低于雄性(P < 0.05)；在冬季，广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和甲烷粒菌属(Methanocorpusculum)、Mailhella的相对丰度雌性显著高于雄性(P < 0.05)，毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、臭气杆菌属(Odoribacter)和未知克里斯滕森菌科(unidentified_Christensenellaceae)的相对丰度雄性高于雌性，且达到显著水平(P < 0.05)。本研究结果表明，不同性别贺兰山岩羊肠道菌群组成结构在夏季和冬季差异较大，但多样性仅在夏季具有极显著差异，可能是因为激素水平、食性和生理等差异。本研究挖掘了不同季节下贺兰山岩羊肠道菌群性别间的差异特征，丰富了野生岩羊基本的生物学数据，为深入研究岩羊肠道菌群提供了理论基础，同时为保护区内岩羊的科学保护提供支持。

关键词： 贺兰山; 岩羊; 肠道菌群; 组成结构; 性别

本文引用格式

孙凯 , 祝招玲 , 娜荷芽 , 郝淑香 , 梁咏亮 , 徐皓 , 阿丽玛 , 刘振生 , 滕丽微 . 贺兰山东坡岩羊夏冬季肠道菌群组成的性别差异[J]. 兽类学报, 2025 , 45(4) : 492 -502 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150953

Abstract

The gut microbiota play an important role in regulating the physiological health of wild animals, and their composition can be influenced by a range of factors. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the field of gender differences in animal gut microbiota, yet relevant studies on blue sheep remain scarce. In this study, fresh feces were collected from blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in the Helan Mountains using the line transect method during the summer and winter of 2017 in the Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve, Ningxia. The fecal samples from 81 non-repetitive individuals underwent 16S rRNA sequencing and were grouped according to season and gender. The objective was to investigate the differences in gut microbiota diversity and composition between the sexes of blue sheep inhabiting the eastern slopes of the Helan Mountains. Additionally, the study aimed to explore potential mechanisms through which gender influences gut microbiota. The results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla within the gut microbiota of blue sheep in the Helan Mountains. The alpha diversity analysis demonstrated that the Shannon index of the gut microbiota of female blue sheep was significantly higher than that of males during the summer (P < 0. 01), but there was no significant difference in the Chao1 and Shannon indices between male and female blue sheep during the winter (P > 0. 05). The PCoA and Anosim analyses revealed highly significant differences in the gut microbiota structure of male and female blue sheep, both in summer and winter (P < 0. 01). The results of the T-tests and LEfSe analyses revealed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Melainabacteria, Ruminococcaceae, Clostridia, and Clostridiales in females was significantly higher than that in males during the summer period, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes , Bacteroidia, Bacteroidales, Mailhella, Bacteroides, and Tyzzerella was significantly lower in females than in males (P < 0. 05). In winter, the abundance of Euryarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Methanocor pusculum, and Mailhella was found to be significantly higher in females than in males (P < 0. 05). Conversely, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Odoribacter, and unidentified_Christensenellaceae in males was significantly higher than that in females (P < 0. 05). This study indicated that there were highly significant differences in the composition structure of the gut microbiota between male and female blue sheep in the Helan Mountains during both summer and winter, but the gut microbiota differed was highly significant different only in summer. The observed phenomenon may be attributed to differences in the level of sex hormones, dietary habits, and physiological differences. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of gender differences in gut microbiota of blue sheep in the Helan Mountains across different seasons. The findings enrich the basic biological data of wild blue sheep, provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of the gut microbiota of blue sheep, and support the scientific protection of blue sheep within the nature reserve.

Key words： Helan Mountain; Blue sheep; Gut microbiota; Composition structure; Gender

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