大熊猫进入自然环境后适应性研究

余翔; 毕温磊; 侯蓉; 刘家斌; 李祖胜; 付明霞; 吴蔚; 马锐; 陈超; 莫利; 宋心强; 王伟; 杨洪; 张倩; 齐敦武

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.151007

兽类学报 >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 5: 707 - 716

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.151007

研究论文

大熊猫进入自然环境后适应性研究

余翔 ,
毕温磊 ,
侯蓉 ,
刘家斌 ,
李祖胜 ,
付明霞 ,
吴蔚 ,
马锐 ,
陈超 ,
莫利 ,
宋心强 ,
王伟 ,
杨洪 ,
张倩 ,
齐敦武

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1 成都大熊猫繁育研究基地, 珍稀濒危野生动物保护四川省重点实验室, 成都 610081;
2 荥经县大相岭自然保护区管护中心, 雅安 625200;
3 四川林业和草原局, 成都 610081

余翔(1992-)，男，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事动物生态学研究.E-mail:yuxiang9212@163.com

收稿日期: 2024-08-28

录用日期: 2025-02-13

网络出版日期: 2025-09-26

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(U21A20193,32570615,32400405)；成都大熊猫繁育研究基地(2024CPB-B06,CAZG2025A25,2024CPBA23,2024CPB-Y05,CAZG2025C13)；四川省科技计划资助(2024NSFSC0032,2025ZNSFSC0278)；成都市科技计划资助(2023-YF09-00017-SN)

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Research on the adaptation of reintroduced giant pandas to the natural environment

YU Xiang ,
BI Wenlei ,
HOU Rong ,
LIU Jiabin ,
LI Zusheng ,
FU Mingxia ,
WU Wei ,
MA Rui ,
CHEN Chao ,
MO Li ,
SONG Xinqiang ,
WANG Wei ,
YANG Hong ,
ZHANG Qian ,
QI Dunwu

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(1 Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, The Conservation of Endangered Wildlife Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610081, China;
2 Daxiangling Nature Reserve Management and Protection Center of Yingjing County, Ya'an 625200, China;
3 Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Chengdu 610081, China

Received date: 2024-08-28

Accepted date: 2025-02-13

Online published: 2025-09-26

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摘要

野化放归是维持濒危野生动物种群长期续存的重要手段，而对于圈养动物放归自然来说，如何较快地适应复杂的野外环境，是能够成功放归的重要保障。因此，深入研究动物放归后的栖息地偏好、活动模式及环境因子利用等特征，有助于掌握其环境适应的过程。本研究对大熊猫 (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) 进入自然环境后 6 个月内的栖息地偏好，12 个月内的家域、日移动距离和环境因子利用等特征进行了分析，以了解其野外适应过程。研究发现大熊猫个体很好地适应了野外环境，家域稳定后其栖息地偏好与野生大熊猫相似，偏好栖息地重合比例最高达 66%；第 12 个月活动家域面积为 4.5 km²；平均日移动距离为 (293.2 ± 420.2) m；月平均利用海拔为 (2 721.3 ± 66.9) m；活动区域平均坡度中位数小于 20.0°；主要活动于阳坡及半阳坡区域。大熊猫适应过程分为探索期 (1 ~ 31 d)、初始稳定期 (32 ~ 61 d)、游荡期 (62 ~ 91 d) 和稳定期 (92 d 以后) 4 个阶段。本研究还发现对于放归成年雌性圈养个体，延长野化训练周期，可能会在一定程度上让其在较短的时间内进入稳定期，从而提升放归成功率。本研究结果可为进一步优化圈养大熊猫野化培训和监测等方案提供依据。

关键词： 圈养大熊猫; 成年个体; 野化放归; 活动模式; 家域建立; 适应性

本文引用格式

余翔 , 毕温磊 , 侯蓉 , 刘家斌 , 李祖胜 , 付明霞 , 吴蔚 , 马锐 , 陈超 , 莫利 , 宋心强 , 王伟 , 杨洪 , 张倩 , 齐敦武 . 大熊猫进入自然环境后适应性研究[J]. 兽类学报, 2025 , 45(5) : 707 -716 . DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151007

Abstract

Animal rewilding is an important means to maintain the long-term survival of endangered wildlife populations. For captive animals, how to quickly adapt to the complex wild environment is an important guarantee for successful survival. Therefore, knowing habitat preference, activity patterns, and utilization of environmental factors is helpful to clarify the process of ecological adaptation of reintroduced animals. In this study, we focused on the preferred habitat within 6 months, home range size, daily movement distance, and use of environmental factors within 12 months of a reintroduced giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). After 6 months later, the reintroduced giant panda showed the similar habitat preference as wild giant pandas in the same area (the coincidence ratio up to 66%), with a utilization (2 721. 3 ± 66. 9) m altitude in the end of one year. Also, the reintroduced giant panda exhibited a 4. 5 km² home range, moved (293. 2 ± 420. 2) m average distance daily, used a 20. 0° median average slope of the active area in sunny slope and semisunny slope areas. Based on the results, we divide the adaptation process in 4 stages: exploratory period (1 - 31 d), initial stable period (32 - 61 d), wandering period (62 - 91 d), and stable period (after 92 d), after which the reintroduced individual was well adapted to the wild environment. Our study indicates that releasing adult captive females and extending the rewilding training period may benefit reintroduced giant pandas to enter a stable stage in a relatively short period, thereby improving the success rate of reintroduction. The results of this study can provide a basis for further optimization of captive giant panda rewilding training and monitoring programs.

Key words： Captive giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca); Adult; Reintroduction; Activity pattern; Home range; Adaptability

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