啮齿类、蝙蝠类和非人灵长类被广泛认为是与人类共享病原体较多的哺乳动物类群。比较这3个哺乳动物类群作为人兽共患病原储存和传播宿主的重要性，对于预防哺乳动物源的人类新发传染病具有重要意义。本研究整合了数据库中啮齿类（啮齿目）、蝙蝠类（翼手目）和非人灵长类动物的宿主‑病原相互作用信息，分别构建了针对总病原和人类相关病原的宿主‑病原网络和病原共享网络，并比较了这三类哺乳动物病原体的多样性及其传播病原的能力。结果表明，非人灵长类动物在人类相关病原的出现和传播中发挥的作用高于啮齿类和蝙蝠类动物。具体而言，非人灵长类动物每个物种平均携带的人类相关病原比例高于其他两类，显示出其较强的人类相关病原携带能力。此外，非人灵长类的病原和人类相关病原共享网络均表现出较高的连通性，表明病原可能更容易在非人灵长类物种之间传播。另一方面，蝙蝠类动物所携带的病原和人类相关病原中病毒的比例均较高，强调了蝙蝠在人类相关病毒出现与传播中的重要角色。啮齿类网络中心物种的中心性高于蝙蝠类和非人灵长类，提示该类群在病原传播中的作用同样不可忽视。本研究为深入理解啮齿类、蝙蝠类与非人灵长类动物在人类相关病原出现与传播中的重要性提供了新的见解，对识别潜在的人类新发传染病宿主具有重要的应用价值。

Rodents, bats, and non-human primates are mammalian groups that share a significant proportion of microbes with humans. Comparing the contribution of these three mammalian taxa as reservoirs of zoonotic microbes and transmission hosts is important for preventing emerging infectious diseases in humans. In this study, we integrated data on host-microbe interactions of rodents (Rodentia), bats (Chiroptera), and non-human primates. We constructed host-microbe networks and microbe-sharing networks for both total microbes and human-associated microbes. We also compared the diversity of microbes of these three groups and their capacity for microbe transmission. The results suggested that non-human primates have a more significant role in the emergence and transmission of human-associated microbes compared to rodents and bats. Specifically, the average proportion of human-associated microbes carried per species of non-human primates was higher than that of the other two groups, demonstrating their greater capacity to carry these microbes. Furthermore, the microbe-sharing networks for non-human primates exhibited notably higher connectivity, suggesting that microbes may spread more easily among species within this group. In contrast, bats carry a high proportion of viruses among both their microbes and their human-associated microbes, underscoring their critical role in the emergence and transmission of human-associated viruses. Notably, the centrality of rodent species in the network surpassed that of both bats and non-human primates, indicating that the role of rodents in microbe transmission should not be underestimated. This study provides new insights into the significance of these three mammalian groups in the emergence and transmission of human-associated microbes, providing information for identifying potential hosts of emerging infectious diseases in humans.