Abstract: The genus Apodemus is widely distributed in China. The systematics of this group has been widely studied but remains largely unresolved. The phallic morphology of Apodemus has been studied by williams (1980) and Yang (1988) but the usefulness of this work is limited by geography (population from Yugoslavia) or sample size. Specimens of Apodemus in this study were collected from northwestern, western, northern Sichuan and the parallel mountains and valleys of Chongqing. Phallic morphology and of the glans penis of Apodemus were studied, The results show that Apodemus in Sichuan and Chongqing could be classified into two groups which belong to two subgenus (Sylvaemus and Apodemus)
The morphology of the glans penis of A. draco orestes is of three types, A. chevrieri, A. latronum, A. agrarius pallidior and A. a. ningpoensis are of two types but all of they belong to a single subspecies or species and some of them are distributed in the same region. Glans penis morphology of A. peninsulae qinghaiensis is of a single type. Otherwise the structure and morphology in every type is very steady, so the structures of the glans penis may serve as taxonomic indicators. The indices of classification between species and/or types are lateral papilla urethral lappets dorsal papillae and rim papillae of the outer crater. The results show that:1) Apodemus chevrieri as a single species was doubted, Apodemus agrarius pollidior ought to he included in Apodemus agrarius ningpoensis ; 2) the five species of Apodemus in Sichuan and Chongqing may be exist sibling species; 3) One of the main ways of the new-species’or subspecies’ formations maybe are because of the changes of the glans penis’s structures which put up reproductive separation.

Key words: Apodemus, Morphology of glans penis, Sibling species, Reproductive separation

摘要： 对四川及重庆产5种姬鼠雄性个体的阴茎形态进行了比较研究，结果发现5种姬鼠雄性个体阴茎头的软体结构在不同种间，不同亚种间，甚至同一种和同一亚种由于产地不同都有其特异性及稳定性，在某些地域还存在不同型的同域分布现象。研究结果显示：1）黑线姬鼠长江亚种和华北亚种应合为长江亚种。高山姬鼠作为独立种的地位值得怀疑；2）四川产姬鼠属啮齿动物可能存在亲缘种；3）新亚种和新种形成的可能途径之一是由于交配器变化而导致生殖隔离。

关键词: 姬鼠属, 阴茎形态学, 亲缘种, 生殖隔离