he present study compared the histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the extracellular matrix components between the scrotal and bilateral cryptorchid testes of same-aged Bactrian camels. The scrotal and cryptorchid testes of 2-year-old Bactrian camel were prepared for light and electron microscopy using histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy methods. Image-Pro Plus (IPP) statistical methods were used to identify the characteristic indices for laminin (LN), type IV collagen (Col IV), and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) distribution by immunohistochemistry methods. The observations made with light microscopy showed that, compared with the scrotal testes, the seminiferous tubules in the bilateral cryptorchid of Bactrian camels were underdeveloped and the collagen fibers were sparse, but the reticular fibers were distributed in interstitial tissues. The PAS-positive and AB-PAS reactions in the cryptorchidism basement membranes and capillaries were weakly stained. Electron micrographs of the seminiferous tubules showed that the fibrocytes were always located around the cryptorchid interstitial blood capillaries and Leydig cells, but instead of fibroblasts and collagen in the interstitial tissues of the scrotal testes, the seminiferous epithelial basement membranes were hyperplasic surrounding spare peripheral type I collagen fibers and the peritubular myoid cells were atypical. Immunostaining analysis showed that the Col IV, LN, and HSPG were all present in Leydig cells, and Col IV and LN were strongly expressed in the walls of the small vessels. The LN were strongly expressed in Sertoli cells, but HSPG was not expressed in the spermatogonia of the Bactrian camel scrotal testes. In the cryptorchidism testes, the expression of Col IV, LN, and HSPG were weakly expressed in Leydig cells，and Col IV and LN were significantly reduced in the endothelial cells of the blood capillaries and peritubular myoid cells, but HSPG was expressed more strongly in the spermatogonia and markedly present in the spermatids. The average absorbance of Col IV and LN expression was significantly higher in the Bactrian camel scrotal testes (P<0.05). In addition, the average absorbance of HSPG expression did not differ between the healthy and cryptorchid Bactrian camels (P>0.01). Taken together, the abnormalities in the seminiferous tubule and the decrease in the synthetic ability of interstitial collagen fibers are the histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of cryptorchid Bactrian camels. The average absorbances of Col IV and LN expression were significantly lower in the cryptorchid testes were correlated with the developmental abnormalities of seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells, and the expression of HSPG was significant in the seminiferous epithelium and closely related to spermatogonia development.