Assessment of the implementation effectiveness of Asian elephant food base in Simao, Yunnan

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150972

Abstract

Abstract:

Diversionary feeding, where artificial food is used to draw animals away from problematic sites, has been employed as a successful wildlife management method for wild animals, including bears (Ursus spp.), red kites (Milvus milvus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and wild boars (Sus scrofa). Human-elephant conflict is a significant challenge to the conservation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in China, which has attracted considerable attention for their protection, management, and scientific research. To alleviate human-elephant conflict, China has constructed a series of food bases to attract Asian elephants in certain locations. However, there is currently no relevant assessment of the effectiveness of this intervention. To assess the implementation effectiveness of the food base of Asian elephants in Simao District, we deployed camera traps combined with manual monitoring to capture Asian elephant activities. In addition, we conducted semi-structured interviews with residents adjacent to the food base to ascertain the changes in the activities of Asian elephants. The results indicate that the food base was an effective way to attract and concentrate Asian elephants. The activity intensity of Asian elephants varied significantly across different seasons (P < 0.05) and was highest in autumn‑winter when the artificial food was available in the food base. The effective range of the food base was approximately 15 km, with 78.5% of the residents in the vicinity recognizing the effectiveness of the food source and 71.4% of the residents reporting a reduction in the frequency of Asian elephants in the area, which markedly reduced the risk of human-elephant conflict incidents. This study represents a case study for assessing the effectiveness of Asian elephant management measures, and the findings are relevant for the conservation and management of flagship species. It will also promote the harmonious coexistence of humans and Asian elephants.

Key words: Asian elephant, Food base, Effectiveness, Residents’ attitude

摘要：

引导性投食 (Diversionary feeding) 作为一种有效的野生动物管理方式，现已被广泛应用于熊 (Ursus spp.)、红鸢 (Milvus milvus)、马鹿 (Cervus elaphus)、野猪 (Sus scrofa) 等多种野生动物。人象冲突作为目前我国亚洲象 (Elephas maximus) 保护面临的首要问题，受到亚洲象保护、管理与科研人员的极大关注。为缓解人象冲突，国内曾在一些地点尝试建设食源地以吸引亚洲象，但至今尚无评估应用成效的相关研究。本研究通过在思茅区亚洲象食物园及其周围布设红外相机并结合人工监测掌握亚洲象活动情况，对亚洲象食源地周边居民的访问调查了解亚洲象活动变化，以评估食源地成效。研究结果表明：亚洲象食源地可有效吸引周围区域的亚洲象取食，秋冬季与春夏季 (食物成熟期和非成熟期) 亚洲象活动强度差异显著 (P < 0.05)，且在食源地内食物成熟的秋冬季亚洲象活动强度最高；食源地有效影响范围约为15 km，范围内78.5%的居民认可了食源地的成效，71.4%的居民认为食源地减少了亚洲象在其周围出现的频次，在一定程度上降低了安全风险。本研究将为亚洲象保护措施的探索与保护政策的制定提供参考，促进人象和谐共处。

关键词: 亚洲象, 食源地, 成效, 居民态度

CLC Number:

Q958.1

Qiupeng YU, Zhechang HU, Tongmei XU, Xiongwei YANG, Jie LI, Hongjiao WANG, Xue-you LI, Xuelong JIANG. Assessment of the implementation effectiveness of Asian elephant food base in Simao, Yunnan[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(3): 388-398.

于秋鹏, 胡哲畅, 徐同美, 杨雄伟, 李杰, 王洪娇, 李学友, 蒋学龙. 思茅亚洲象食源地建设成效评估[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(3): 388-398.

Figures/Tables 7

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村寨 Villages	数量变化 Change in quantity	频次变化 Change in frequency	食源地成效 Effectiveness of food base	距食物园距离 Distance to food base/m
勐竹寨 Mengzhuzhai	+40%	-44%	=	1 854
大凹子 Daaozi	-80%	-70%	++	2 450
南邦河 Nanbanghe	-45%	-23%	++	3 435
站房 Zhanfang	-63%	-38%	+++	3 906
棉洋寨 Mianyangzhai	+2%	-52%	++	3 935
大河边 Dahebian	-25%	-28%	++	3 976
石屏寨 Shipingzhai	=	-45%	++	3 978
黄草坝 Huangcaoba	=	-70%	++	4 742
丫口寨 Yakouzhai	+2%	-80%	++	6 533
小海子 Xiaohaizi	-80%	-50%	+++	6 539
炉匠河 Lujianghe	-2%	-33%	++	8 234
景东寨 Jingdongzhai	-4%	-15%	+	8 479
曼弯 Manwan	-10%	-27%	+	8 733
新塘 Xintang	+10%	-28%	+	11 043
黑龙潭 Heilongtan	=	-25%	+	14 560
三棵桩 Sankezhuang	/	/	/	18 091
岔河 Chahe	/	/	/	18 777
橄榄坝Ganlanba	/	/	/	28 358

村寨 Villages	数量变化 Change in quantity	频次变化 Change in frequency	食源地成效 Effectiveness of food base	距食物园距离 Distance to food base/m
勐竹寨 Mengzhuzhai	+40%	-44%	=	1 854
大凹子 Daaozi	-80%	-70%	++	2 450
南邦河 Nanbanghe	-45%	-23%	++	3 435
站房 Zhanfang	-63%	-38%	+++	3 906
棉洋寨 Mianyangzhai	+2%	-52%	++	3 935
大河边 Dahebian	-25%	-28%	++	3 976
石屏寨 Shipingzhai	=	-45%	++	3 978
黄草坝 Huangcaoba	=	-70%	++	4 742
丫口寨 Yakouzhai	+2%	-80%	++	6 533
小海子 Xiaohaizi	-80%	-50%	+++	6 539
炉匠河 Lujianghe	-2%	-33%	++	8 234
景东寨 Jingdongzhai	-4%	-15%	+	8 479
曼弯 Manwan	-10%	-27%	+	8 733
新塘 Xintang	+10%	-28%	+	11 043
黑龙潭 Heilongtan	=	-25%	+	14 560
三棵桩 Sankezhuang	/	/	/	18 091
岔河 Chahe	/	/	/	18 777
橄榄坝Ganlanba	/	/	/	28 358

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