Preferential side use of limbs and sensory organs, defined as behavioral laterality, are shown by many animal species including human beings. Biological research on behavioral laterality has ecological and evolutionary significance. Behavioral laterality influences individual fitness at the individual level and works as one evolutionary stable strategy at the population level in social species. In China, nonhuman primate resources are abundant whereas behavioral laterality research on nonhuman primates started late; not until the 1980s'. The main purpose of this paper to summarize related research findings over the recent three decades and provide positive suggestions on the future of primate behavioral laterality research in China.