The structure of oral microbiome is vital to health maintenance, so the study of oral microbial diversity is helpful to understand the ecology adaptive characteristics of animals. In this study, 19 oral samples were collected noninvasively from Yulingkeng YA1 Tibetan macaque group in Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province, and DNA was extreact by a modifed high-salt DNA extraction method. Using Illumina Miseq sequence platform, two-terminal sequenceing of V3- V4 regions of 16S rDNA was carried and the diversity of community structure was analysis. There are 206 533 reads, 4 685 different OTUs, representing 310 genus from 20 bacterial phyla. Result show that: the phyla Proteobacteria (44.58% of the total), Firmicutes (30.28%), Bacteroidetes (12.27%), Fusobacteria (7.72%) and Actinobacteria (3.70%) were predominated. Twenty-four genus were present in all samples, which means that a stable core microbiome existing in Tibetan Macaques. Besides there is a large number of microbiome associated with oral disease and a variety of potential pathogens with low abundance in Tibetan Macaques. The study provides certain reference for further study of oral microbial community structure and its adaptive mechanism in Tibetan Macaques. Further, more attention should be paid to the spread of zoonosis in the conservation and management of wildlife.