Chemical signals in the urine play key roles in recognizing physiological periods in mammals. In our study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the urine compositions in female Tupaia belangeri during estrus, pregnancy and lactation. We found that the chemical compounds were mainly aldehydes and ketones in all three periods. Hexadecane，1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (Z,E)- and cyclooctane were the special chemical constituents in the urines of Tupaia belangeri in estrus. Acetone，disulfide, dimethyl, 2,3-Hexanedione，(R)-(-)-2-pentanol, 2-buten-1-ol,3-methyl-, 2-nonanol, benzaldehyde,2-methyl, 6-octen-1-ol,7-methyl-3-methylene-, 2,6-octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-(Z)-, cyclohexadecanone and dibutyl phthalate were the special chemical constituents in the urines of Tupaia belangeri during pregnancy. 2,5-Octanedione, α-methyl-α-[4-methyl-3-pentenyl]oxiranemethanol, 4-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanone, cyclohexanone,2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)- and benzoic acid,2-ethylhexyl ester were the special chemical constituents in the urines of Tupaia belangeri during lactation. Together, these results indicate that: there were differences in urine volatile compounds

during estrus, pregnancy and lactation in female Tupaia belangeri.