The food strategies of rodents (e.g., scatter- or larder-hoarding) are related to their spatial memory; however, we lack quantitative experiments on these relationships. It is known that Apodemus peninsulae mainly scatter-hoard but also larder-hoard a few food items, but A. agrarius, Niviventer confucianus and Mus musculus only larder-hoard. In this study, the spatial memory of the four rodent species with different hoarding strategies was evaluated using a Morris water maze in order to illustrate the relationships between spatial memory and hoarding behavior. The results showed that the latency period of the four rodent species decreased significantly across the 5-day navigation experiment. The latent period was shortest in A. peninsulae but longest in M. musculus, followed by A. agrarius and N. confucianus. In the space exploration experiment, the frequency of crossing the platform in A. peninsulae, A. agrarius and N. confucianus was significantly higher than that of Mus musculus. The order of both time ratio and distance ratio in the target quadrant was: A. peninsulae > A. agrarius > N. niviventer > M. musculus, despite no significant difference. The results indicate that the spatial memory of A. peninsulae with scatter-hoarding behavior may be stronger than that of the other rodent species with larder-hoarding behavior, suggesting that the food storage strategy of rodent species is closely related to spatial memory.