Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Site is located in the Wuling Mountains in Hunan Province, one of the key areas of biodiversity in China, and has high protection priority. However, no systematic biodiversity survey has been carried out since it was established, which could hinder its effective management. To understand the current status of mammal and bird resources and promote the scientific protection of biodiversity in the area, we set up 36 infrared cameras at 107 sites from January 2016 to July 2017, with each site maintained for about 4 months. Among a total of 1514 independent photos, 607 independent photos of mammals belonging to 4 orders, 8 families, and 14 species were recorded. The 7 species with the highest relative abundance index (RAI) among the 14 mammal species were: rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), red-hipped squirrel (Dremomys pyrrhomerus), sand badger (Arctonyx collaris), Reeves’s muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), Chinese ferret-badger (Melogale moschata), masked palm civet (Paguma larvata taivana), and tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus). There were 907 independent photos of birds belonging to 5 orders, 10 families, and 37 species. Among the 37 bird species, the 7 with the highest RAI were: blue whistling-thrush (Myophonus caeruleus), golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus), scaly thrush (Zoothera dauma), red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythrorhyncha), grey-winged blackbird (Turdus boulboul), greater necklaced laughing thrush (Garrulax pectoralis), and Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius). Elliot’s pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti) is a Class I national protected species, while Chrysolophus pictus, Temminck’s tragopan (Tragopan temminckii), koklass pheasant (Pucrasia macrolopha), crested goshawk (Accipiter trivirgatus), and Macaca mulatta are Class II national protected species. Macaca mulatta, Chrysolophus pictus, Dremomys pyrrhomerus, and Myophonus caeruleus are diurnal species, while Arctonyx collaris is nocturnal. The activity frequency of Chrysolophus pictus, Myophonus caeruleus, and Dremomys pyrrhomerus decreased between 12:00 and 14:00. Possibly, these animals avoid high temperatures at noon to reduce the energy consumption associated with activity.