Forest cattle grazing is known as the most extensive and influential human disturbance in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park. The study of cattles’ effects on plant food resources of ungulates is not only the key to facilitating the estimation of carrying capacity of the ecosystem in supporting populations of ungulates, but also provides strong support for the comprehensive management and conservation tasks of the park. In 2016, sampling locations were selected by stratified sampling from grazed and ungrazed region in the east part of national park and experimental enclosures and controls were established at each location. Three hundred 1m2 plant plots were surveyed and harvested in the growing season of 2017. In the meanwhile, we also collected the ungulates’ abundance by camera-traps within each control point to study the grazing effects on shrub layer and ungulates. In general, the forest cattle grazing in our study area significantly reduced the above-ground biomass of shrub and herbage layer by 24%. Tender twigs/leaves were significantly reduced by the cattle in the grazed region. In addition, the nitrogen contents of understory except for grasses in the grazed region were significantly higher than those in the ungrazed region. Moreover, we found Relative Abundance Indices (RAI) of sika deer (Cervus nippon) from ungrazed regions were significantly h igher than those of

grazed regions. However, there was no difference between grazed and ungrazed regions for the RAI of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) or wild boar (Sus scrofa). In summary, forest cattle grazing reduced understory food resources and the abundances of ungulates in the east part of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park. With the study results, we suggest to stop forest cattle grazing immediately for recovering the habitat of ungulates.