François’ langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) is a rare and endangered primate species, restricted to habitats characterized by karst topography. As a result of illegal hunting and habitat loss, populations of this species have decreased dramatically. From October to December 2017, we conducted a survey on the population status and distribution of Fran?ois’s langurs in Encheng National Nature Reserve (NNR) using partition-spot surveys. We evaluated the conservation status and threat factors, which are needed for developing conservation strategies. Overall, we found 89 sleeping sites, including 43 sites with fresh feces. Combining this survey and interviews with local people, we detected 18 groups, with an estimated total population of 100-105 individuals, including one albino adult female. There were 11 groups within the reserve, and 7 groups outside the reserve; group size ranged from 3 to 12 individuals. The primary threats are habitat fragmentation and degradation in Encheng NNR, which must be mitigated to ensure the survival of this imperiled species.