The aim of this study is to find out the functional roles of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) during the scarless wound healing of pedicle stump at the early regeneration stage of antler. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyze the expression and localization of BMP 2 and BMP 4 in the pedicle and the antler skins. BMP 4 was added to the culture medium of dermal papilla cells and fibroblasts of deer skin to see if the protein was playing an essential role during trans-differentiation and gathering. The results showed that: (1) Nearly 100% of the fibroblasts harvested from the primary culture of pedicle skin tissue expressed vimentin: a marker of dermal fibroblasts; (2) BMP 2 and BMP 4 were strongly expressed in the newly formed hair matrix cells in the antler skin; (3) BMP 4 promoted the trans-differentiation of fibroblasts into adipocytes; (4) BMP 4 also facilitated the degree of agglomeration of dermal papilla cells in vitro. Based on these observations we speculated that BMPs played an important role in the process of trans-differentiation of fibroblast and gathering of papilla cells which could accelerate the process of scarless wound healing.